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Techno-enviro-economic evaluation of on-grid and off-grid hybrid photovoltaics and vertical axis wind turbines system with battery storage for street lighting application

Research Abstract

To achieve affordable and clean energy as part of the sustainable development goals, a techno-enviro-economic
performance of solar Photovoltaics (PV) and Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) hybrid system for street
lighting load of New Borg El-Arab city, Egypt is presented. The system is designed for both standalone battery
storage and grid-connected at different ratios of energy sources “PV 100%”, “VAWT 100%”, “PV 50% and VAWT
50%”, “PV 33.3%, and VAWT 66.7%” and “PV 66.7% and VAWT 33.3%”. The physical model was created in
Autodesk INVENTOR, the spacing of the wind turbine was simulated on ANSYS FLUENT, the spacing of the solar
photovoltaic panels was simulated in Autodesk REVIT, the mathematical model was solved in MATLAB and
Microsoft EXCEL. The study outcomes reveal that the energy system distribution for the grid-connected and
standalone systems are about the same achieving smaller turbine numbers, PV panels, and land space in the case
of grid-connected systems. The minimum capital and payback period are achieved by the grid-connected system
with a land ratio of “PV 100%”. It has a payback period of 12 years while using a land area of 139 m
. It used 30 Solar PV panels to supply a total energy of 20,829 kWh for 1 year. This resulted in a levelized cost of electricity of 0.0096 $/kWh and 450 tonnes of CO emission savings. This shows 100% PVs grid-connected system is more economically viable than the hybrid system.

Research Authors
Masoyi Garba Sanda, Mohamed Emam, , Shinichi Ookawara, Hamdy Hassan
Research Date
Research Journal
Journal of Cleaner Production
Research Pages
144866
Research Publisher
Elsevier
Research Vol
491
Research Year
2025