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A Bi-level optimizer for reliability and security assessment of a radial distribution system supported by wind turbine generators and superconducting magnetic energy storages

Research Authors
Mohamed Hashem, Mazen Abdel-Salam, Mohamed Nayel, Mohamed Th El-Mohandes
Research Department
Research Date
Research Year
2022
Research Journal
Journal of Energy Storage
Research Abstract

This paper is aimed at improving the reliability and security of radial distribution system supported by wind turbine generators (WTGs) and superconducting magnetic energy storages (SMESs). For reliability indices assessment, the load-oriented indices including energy not supplied (ENS) and average energy not supplied (AENS) as well as the customers-oriented indices including system average interruption duration index (SAIDI), system average interruption frequency index (SAIFI), customer average interruption duration index (CAIDI), and average service unavailability index (ASUI) are evaluated. Network security index (NSI) is also addressed, which refers to the risk level for current flow in the lines prior reaching to extremis. A multi-objective function is composed and formulated in order to simultaneously minimize ENS, SAIFI, SAIDI, ASUI, and NSI as indices which characterize the performance of distribution