Nowadays, petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants keep on being a genuine
natural worry because of the managed development of petroleum oil extraction,
related generation which ends up noticeably with ecological issue. The expanding
in industrial progression causes expanding in a petroleum-essential product consistently
to cover the human needs. Continuous growing, development and improvement
of industrial exercises over the whole world make petroleum-based products
the most significant issue in this century. Oil spills frequently happen by mishaps
amid pumping, transportation and refining. Nearness of these petrochemicals in the
environment makes huge risks to human health for their lethal, mutagenic, cancer-causing
impacts and their capacity of aggregation in food chain. Researchers keep
searching for sustainable remediation techniques for polluted sites. As of now physical
and chemical remediation advances are by all accounts facing a few issues like
transferring pollutants from one phase to another and not having the ability for
complete removal of contaminants which turn into another problem. Among the
varieties of the remediation techniques, microbial utilization of microorganisms in
biodegradation processes demonstrated the achievement in degrading xenobiotic
compounds contrasted with physico-chemical strategies in terms of money-related
costs, efficiency, energy efficiency, versatility and simplicity to apply and seems to
be the environment sound solution. The key factor for successful bioremediation
involves selecting appropriate microbes with high capability of pollutant degradation.
Microorganisms like fungi, bacteria and yeast are considered as promising
dynamic remarkable microbes involved in biodegradation of petroleum aliphatic
and aromatic hydrocarbons.