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An enigmatic crocodyliform from the Upper Cretaceous Quseir
Formation, central Egypt

Research Authors
Sara Saber , Joseph J.W. Sertich , Hesham M. Sallam , Khaled A. Ouda ,
Patrick M. O'Connor , Erik R. Seiffert
Research Abstract

Non-marine vertebrates, including many crocodyliform clades, remain poorly documented from uppermost Cretaceous deposits of Africa. Recent exploratory fieldwork in the Upper Cretaceous (middle Campanian) Quseir Formation exposed around Dakhla Oasis (Western Desert of Egypt) has revealed new fossils from continental and marginal marine settings that include abundant crocodyliform remains. In particular, materials of an enigmatic crocodyliform, represented by both cranial and postcranial remains, suggest the presence of a novel southern Tethyan crocodyliform fauna from northern Africa during the Late Cretaceous. Materials recovered of this taxon thus far include fragmentary portions of the skull and mandible, amphicoelous dorsal vertebrae, and fragmentary appendicular remains. This form is distinguished by a number of unique features including a domed platyrostral skull; a strongly festooned lateral margin of the maxilla with two waves of tooth enlargement; a deep sculptured fossa at the base of the postorbital bar; a jugal with an anterior process that is at least three times broader than the posterior process than the posterior process; an orbital margin dorsally overlapping the lateral temporal fenestra; a supraoccipital with a distinct medial tuber and associated ventral fossa; and a robust straight dentary with contribution of the splenial to the symphysis. This new form suggests a potentially unique Late Cretaceous assemblage from northern Africa, markedly different from better-known Late Cretaceous crocodyliform assemblages of South America and Madagascar, or from earlier (pre-Turonian) deposits in Africa. This pattern may reveal a distinct regional fauna along the southern Tethys, or potential Cretaceous relationships with Eurasian neosuchian-dominated assemblages.

Research Department
Research Journal
Cretaceous Research
Research Member
Research Publisher
EL SEVIER
Research Rank
1
Research Vol
vol. 90
Research Website
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667117301453
Research Year
2018
Research Pages
pp. 174-184