The objective of this survey was to study the diversity of soil fungi, as they play an important
role in knowing the soil quality and increase plant productivity. In this work, the chemical
composition of soil samples in newly reclaimed localities at Assiut Governorate was studied;
mycobiota of those areas were studied reporting some medically important substances
produced by three fungal species, namely Aspergillus terreus, Emericella nidulans, and
Penicillium chrysogenum, which recorded the highest occurrence all over the year in different
studied areas. Soil samples were collected monthly for a whole year from the four selected
reclaimed regions at Assiut Governorate, namely Protectorate of Assiut (PR), El-Ghorayeb
(GH), El-Wady El-Assiuty (WA), and Petroleum’s Farm (PF), and samples were identifi ed using
the morphological and microscopic features according to many references and confi rmed by
Assiut University Mycological Center (AUMC) followed by physiochemical analysis of soil,
including measuring total soluble salts and determining the organic matter content, maximum
and minimum temperatures, relative humidity, and soil texture. The highest numbers of fungal
genera and species were recorded in PR followed by WA and PF, whereas the lowest numbers
were recorded in GH. E. nidulans var. acristata and Penicillium funiculosum were isolated with
moderate frequency from GH; Aspergillus aegyptiacus and Aspergillus ustus were isolated
with moderate frequency from WA; A. aegyptiacus, Eurotium amstelodami, and Fusarium
solani were isolated with moderate frequency from PF; Eurotium repens was isolated only from
GH; Arthrinium sacchari, Cochliobolus sativus, and Fusarium xylarioides were isolated only
from WA; Aspergillus defl ectus, Penicillium expansum, and Rhizopus arrhizus were isolated
only from PF; Aspergillus niger, Fusarilla indica, Fusarium semitectum, and Trimmatostroma
eriodictyonis were isolated only from PR. There are no adequate mycological studies carried out
to describe the fungal fl ora of these areas. Hence, any information on the endemic mycobiota
is of great signifi cance.