Background: Breast cancer may originate either from the ducts, which is known as ductal carcinomas or from the lobules, that is known as lobular carcinomas. There are many different types of breast cancer, with different stages (spread), aggressiveness, and genetic makeup. Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women affecting approximately 6 % of the females. It constitutes almost 20 % of all malignancies in women. In Egypt, each 100 woman with cancer there is around 38 of them with cancer breast. Aim: The aim of this study is to Compare the diagnostic accuracy of selected biomarkers (hMAG, Cyclin D1, CA 15-3 & CEA) at different stages of breast cancer (TNM staging(, Assess Correlations between different biomarkers used and Suggest the most efficient of these diagnostic markers to be used in early detection.
Subjects and methods: We examined a sample of eighty Breast Cancer patients and ten- age and sex matched- healthy controls. The patients were selected from General Surgery department, Assiut University Hospital and South Egypt Cancer Institute.patients were divided into 5 groups (group 1: healthy control group and groups 1-4 : the 4 stages of breast cancer) .
Results: Group 2 and 3 show no significant difference on using CEA marker , where the mean value of the control group was 3.18 ± 0.29 , Meanwhile it was significantly higher in both groups 4 and 5 with P value of <0.04 and 0.002 respectively. On using CA 15-3 and Cyclin D markers, both were significantly higher in all groups in comparison to the control group with significant P value. And for hMAG the control group mean value was 31.57 ± 1.56, it was not higher in group 2 but show significant increase starting from group 3- 5 with P value of less than <0.003. Conclusion: All of the 4 markers (CEA, CA15-3, Cyclin D1, and hMAG ) can be used for diagnosis of breast cancers , but CEA is of no diagnostic importance in early stages of breast cancer. Both cyclin D and hMAG antigen are more sensitive and specific when used as markers for breast cancer in comparison to using routine markers as CEA ,a and CA15-3. Cyclin D is much better marker in early stages of breast cancer than hMAG regarding sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy, inspite having almost the same good diagnostic performance in late stages of breast cancer.