Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended as the optimal way to feed infants. While overall breastfeeding rates are high, exclusive breastfeeding is relatively uncommon.The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends early initiation of breastfeeding (within 1 hour of giving birth) and exclusive breastfeeding for babies to six months of age. This study aimed to determine barriers of initiation and exclusive breast feeding among infancy aged 0-6 months.Prospective cross sectional research design was used to conduct the study in Woman's Health & Assiut University Children Hospital. The sample included 800 mothers and their infants. Two tools were used for collecting data in this study; tool (1): A structured interview questionnaire, it included personal data of mother and their infant, barriers of initiation and exclusive breastfeeding, and tool (2): Socio-economic scale; used to assess the socio-economic status of the family. The main study results were, only (20%) and (20.1%) of the mothers initiate the breast feeding within one hour after delivery and fed their infants exclusively respectively, the most common barriers to initiate the breast feeding were mothers tiredness (97.4%), pain (94.2%). The most common barriers of not continue exclusive breast fed were the infants still hungry after feeding (92.2%), misinterpret/understand of normal infant crying (90.8%), and perception of insufficient milk production (89.9%). The study concluded that, there was a low prevalence of early initiation time of breast feeding and many barriers that prevent mothers' exclusive breast feed their infants. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct educational program about the initiation time, and exclusive breastfeeding and its importance. Therefore more behavioral changes and communication should be made to promote, protect and support exclusive breast feeding.