Affections of the eyeball and its adnexal structures were variable in cattle, buffaloes and camels. In field situation, most of the affections were restricted to the eyelids and external structures of the eyeball which can be visible in the day light or with the aid of binocular magnifier.
The aim of the present study was to determine different affections of the eyeball and its adnexal structures in cattle, buffaloes and camels with special reference to methods of diagnosis and possible treatment.
The study was carried out on a total number of 197 animals (cattle = 101, buffaloes = 84 and camels = 12) suffering from different ophthalmic diseases. All cases were collected during the periodical visits to the villages veterinary clinics belongs to 21 provinces in Egypt during the period from 1999-2009.
Different types of ophthalmic diseases were diagnosed namely; eyelid dermoids (2), eyelid tumours (3), third eyelid abscesses (13), Third eyelid dermoid (7), third eyelid tumours (5), prolapse of the nictitans gland (7), conjunctivitis (15), subconjunctival abscesses (23), subconjunctival hemorrhage (1), conjunctival tumours (4), corneal dermoids (3), corneal wounds (4), corneal ulcers (8), corneal tumours (1), corneal oedema (4), keratitis (17), infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (5), iris prolapse (7), iris staphyloma (8), heterochromia iridis (30), hyphema (4), cataracts (12), exophthamia (3), microphthalmia (2), panophthamia (5) and strabismus (4).
Diagnosis was established depending on cases history, clinical signs and systemic ophthalmic examination. Most of cases were corrected medically and / or surgically with encouraging results.