Abstract: The current study was conducted to examine the ability of using natural additives to manipulate
rumen fermentation, improve nutrient utilization and animal performance in growing male buffalo calves. Sixteen
buffalo calves of 12-14 months of age weighing 170 ±9.6 kg were divided into 4 groups, 4 animals / each.
Caraway seed and garlic powder were added to calves basic diet (control) at levels of 2 g caraway seed (CS,T1),
2 g dried garlic (DG,T2), 2 g caraway and 2 g garlic (T3) / kg diet and were fed for 6 months experimental period.
Blood metabolites were monthly determined. Before the end of the experiment a digestibility trail was performed
and rumen liquor was collected. Daily feed consumption was recorded. The results showed that feeding
caraway garlic, or both significantly increased (p<0.05) nutrient digestibilties (DM, CP, EE, CF), however NFE
and OM digestibilties were similar among treatment groups. Dry matter intake, Final weight, weight gain and
feed conversion efficiency were slightly improved (p >0.05) in calves fed both caraway and garlic (T3) than other
groups. In addition, caraway and garlic improve rumen fermentation parameters in terms of increasing total
volatile fatty acids, increasing rumen pH and decreasing rumen ammonia. Moreover, calves fed the treatment
diets had greater (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of total protein, globulin and lower cholesterol and ALT
compared with those fed the control diet. The findings of the present study suggest that caraway and garlic
can be supplemented to growing male buffalo for better nutrient digestibilties, performance, rumen fermentation
and metabolic status.