Teeth extraction is inevitable in the case of progressive or alveolar bone destructing chronic periodontitis. Unfortunately, the resulting bone defects may lead to many side effects. Here, we developed a novel dental-bone substitute to preserve the extraction socket for hemostasis and bone regeneration. Hyaluronic acid-gelatin hydrogel (HG) polymers, β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics were fabricated using freeze-drying methods. The HG/TCP/BCP plug was prepared to be easily applied by pouring the mixture of HG and TCP into the shell-shaped mold, followed by placing the sponge type of BCP in the core portion of the mold compared to HG/TCP and collagen plugs. In vitro studies showed that HG/TCP and HG/TCP/BCP plugs were cytocompatible and could promote osteogenesis by upregulating the expressions of bone-related genes COL1, RUNX2, ALP, and OPN. The rabbit-femur defect model revealed that the implanted HG/TCP/BCP plug, which showed excellent hemostatic property, promote bone regeneration with a high rate of collagen distribution along with ALP and OPN expressions more than could the HG/TCP plug at 3 months after implantation, whereas the collagen plugs just filled with chondrocytes for cartilages formation. The HG/TCP/BCP plug should be considered for potential dental applications for one-step socket preservation.