Quercetin, a naturalflavonoid has high potential for management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).However, its onset of action is delayed when administered systemically and high doses are needed for IBDtreatment. The present study aimed to develop chitosan microparticles for colonic delivery of clinically relevantquercetin concentrations as a potential treatment for IBD. Different formulations of quercetin microparticleswere prepared and evaluated in terms of pharmaceutical, morphological and compatibility aspects. Thein vitrorelease profiles of acid-resistant capsulesfilled with quercetin microparticles showed that most of quercetin wasreleased in IBD colon simulating medium. Rabbit colitis model was used to evaluate the therapeutic effects ofquercetin microparticles based on various assessment criteria (e.g.index of tissue edema, clinical activity score,colon macroscopic and histopathological characteristics, biochemical assays of the levels of myeloperoxidaseenzyme and tumor necrosis factor-αand the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase). The animalstreated with quercetin microparticles had significantly improved therapeutic outcomes as compared to thosetreated with plain drug and the untreated animal controls. The results demonstrate that the developed quercetinmicroparticles have suitable pharmaceutical properties and mightfind clinical applications in acute IBD man-agement.

Quercetin, a naturalflavonoid has high potential for management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).However, its onset of action is delayed when administered systemically and high doses are needed for IBDtreatment. The present study aimed to develop chitosan microparticles for colonic delivery of clinically relevantquercetin concentrations as a potential treatment for IBD. Different formulations of quercetin microparticleswere prepared and evaluated in terms of pharmaceutical, morphological and compatibility aspects. Thein vitrorelease profiles of acid-resistant capsulesfilled with quercetin microparticles showed that most of quercetin wasreleased in IBD colon simulating medium. Rabbit colitis model was used to evaluate the therapeutic effects ofquercetin microparticles based on various assessment criteria (e.g.index of tissue edema, clinical activity score,colon macroscopic and histopathological characteristics, biochemical assays of the levels of myeloperoxidaseenzyme and tumor necrosis factor-αand the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase). The animalstreated with quercetin microparticles had significantly improved therapeutic outcomes as compared to thosetreated with plain drug and the untreated animal controls. The results demonstrate that the developed quercetinmicroparticles have suitable pharmaceutical properties and mightfind clinical applications in acute IBD man-agement.

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Tilapia fish skin has demonstrated promise as a stable and practical biological dressing to be used in wound and burn management. However, the appropriate sterilization technique of the Tilapia fish skin is crucial before its clinical application. The standard sterilization technique must eliminate harmful pathogens but maintain the structural and biochemical properties that could compromise the dressing function. This study investigated and compared the efficiency of three sterilizing agents; chlorhexidine gluconate 4% (CHG), povidone iodine 10% (PVP-I), and silver nanoparticles (25μg/ml)(AgNPs), at three different times (5, 10, and 15 min) on Tilapia fish skin based on the microbial count, histological and collagen properties. Among the sterilization procedures,AgNPs showed rapid and complete antimicrobial activity, with a 100% reduction in microbial growth of the fish skin throughout the treated times. Furthermore, AgNPs did not impair the cellular structure or collagen fibers content of the fish skin. However,CHG and PVP-I caused alterations in the collagen content. This study demonstrated that the AgNPs treatment of Tilapia fish skin provided sterile skin while preserving the histological properties and structural integrity. These findings provide an efficient and quick sterilization method suitable for Tilapia fish skin that could be adopted as a biological dressing.

Tilapia fish skin has demonstrated promise as a stable and practical biological dressing to be used in wound and burn management. However, the appropriate sterilization technique of the Tilapia fish skin is crucial before its clinical application. The standard sterilization technique must eliminate harmful pathogens but maintain the structural and biochemical properties that could compromise the dressing function. This study investigated and compared the efficiency of three sterilizing agents; chlorhexidine gluconate 4% (CHG), povidone iodine 10% (PVP-I), and silver nanoparticles (25μg/ml)(AgNPs), at three different times (5, 10, and 15 min) on Tilapia fish skin based on the microbial count, histological and collagen properties. Among the sterilization procedures,AgNPs showed rapid and complete antimicrobial activity, with a 100% reduction in microbial growth of the fish skin throughout the treated times. Furthermore, AgNPs did not impair the cellular structure or collagen fibers content of the fish skin. However,CHG and PVP-I caused alterations in the collagen content. This study demonstrated that the AgNPs treatment of Tilapia fish skin provided sterile skin while preserving the histological properties and structural integrity. These findings provide an efficient and quick sterilization method suitable for Tilapia fish skin that could be adopted as a biological dressing.

Tilapia fish skin has demonstrated promise as a stable and practical biological dressing to be used in wound and burn management. However, the appropriate sterilization technique of the Tilapia fish skin is crucial before its clinical application. The standard sterilization technique must eliminate harmful pathogens but maintain the structural and biochemical properties that could compromise the dressing function. This study investigated and compared the efficiency of three sterilizing agents; chlorhexidine gluconate 4% (CHG), povidone iodine 10% (PVP-I), and silver nanoparticles (25μg/ml)(AgNPs), at three different times (5, 10, and 15 min) on Tilapia fish skin based on the microbial count, histological and collagen properties. Among the sterilization procedures,AgNPs showed rapid and complete antimicrobial activity, with a 100% reduction in microbial growth of the fish skin throughout the treated times. Furthermore, AgNPs did not impair the cellular structure or collagen fibers content of the fish skin. However,CHG and PVP-I caused alterations in the collagen content. This study demonstrated that the AgNPs treatment of Tilapia fish skin provided sterile skin while preserving the histological properties and structural integrity. These findings provide an efficient and quick sterilization method suitable for Tilapia fish skin that could be adopted as a biological dressing.

The prevalence of parasitic infestations was studied in camels. A total of 460 camels of different age, sex and localities were examined. Collected fecal samples were subjected to sedimentation and floatation techniques and then examined for detection parasitic eggs. Fecal examination revealed that 26.9% of the camels parasitic eggs in their feces. Different types of parasites eggs prevalence were Strongylus sp. 8.2%, Trichostrongylus sp. 6.7%, Trichuris sp. 4.7%, and mixed infections with parasites were recorded in 7.1 %. In these results recorded hard ticks infestation in camels 28.6%. Sarcoptic scabei var cameli (mange-mite) infested camels are 12.1%. Moreover, blood smears from jugular vein revealed that camels are infestation by blood parasites as Trypanosoma evansi is 9.5%.The prevalence of parasitic infestation as internal and external observed in the present study was suggests that parasites are more common in the farms or herds camels that examined and may be leads to economic camel production losses, so the treatment of infested camels with a specific and effective drugs as the following ivermectin for external and internal parasites and cymelarsan against trypanosomiasis, are needed to control spreading of parasitic infestation and also prevent the losses of camels.

Various incurable eye diseases in companion animals often result in phthisis bulbi and eye removal surgery. Currently, the evisceration method using silicone balls is useful in animals; however, it is not available to those with impaired cornea or severe ocular atrophy. Moreover, ocular implant and prostheses are not widely used because of the diversity in animal size and eye shape, and high manufacturing cost. Here, we produced low-cost and customized artificial eyes, including implant and prosthesis, using computer-aided design and three-dimensional (3D) printing technique. For 3D modeling, the size of the artificial eyes was optimized using B-mode ultrasonography. The design was exported to STL files, and then printed using polycaprolactone (PCL) for prosthesis and mixture of PCL and hydroxyapatite (HA) for ocular implant. The 3D printed artificial eyes could be produced in less than one and half hour. The prosthesis was painted using oil colors and biocompatible resin. Two types of eye removal surgery, including evisceration and enucleation, were performed using two beagle dogs, as a preliminary study. After the surgery, the dogs were clinically evaluated for 6 months and then histopathological evaluation of the implant was done. Ocular implant was biocompatible and host tissue ingrowth was induced after in vivo application. The custom-made prosthesis was cosmetically excellent. Although long-term clinical follow-up might be required, the use of 3D printed-customized artificial eyes may be beneficial for animals that need personalized artificial eye surgery.

Bypass grafting using autologous vessels or synthetic vascular conduits still has many limitations especially with small-diameter (SD) arteries, thus new approaches to produce alternative vascular grafts are required. Decellularization is a promising solution to produce tissue engineering vascular grafts. Herein, we aimed to test whether decellularized human umbilical artery (dHUA) remains a suitable scaffold for future use in vascular graft bioengineering. Human umbilical artery (HUA) was successfully decellularized as determined by the absence of visible nuclei, and reduction in DNA content, whereas Masson's Trichrome stains and quantitative proteomics showed preservation of the extracellular matrix components. Moreover, elimination of MHC class I and II in dHUA was verified by immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing demonstrated no differences regarding ultimate tensile strength and suture retention strength between decellularized and native HUA. Human umbilical cord vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) attached and grew well within the dHUA while maintained in a perfusion 3D-bioreactor, confirming dHUA cytocompatibility. Finally, in vivo implantation in sheep carotid bypass model confirmed that dHUA withstood arterial blood pressure in vivo with successful anastomosis. Sheep host immune blood cell count showed no obvious difference between dHUA and allogeneic sheep decellularized vessel. Yet, ultrasound examination and end-point histology, confirmed as expected that dHUA is prone to early (