Improving frost tolerance and winter hardiness with high agronomic features are the main objectives in winter faba bean (Vicia faba L.) breeding programs especially in cool temperate regions of Europe. 189 single seed descent (SSD) lines of Göttingen Winter Bean Population (GWBP) were evaluated in field trials (winter hardiness and yield traits). A total of seven traits were examined [three winter hardiness traits and four yield traits] and scored in this study. Of the 189 genotypes, 11 lines were addressed as winter hardy and high seed yielding genotypes. The highest repeatability (h2) estimates was found for leaf frost susceptibility (LFS) (0.86) among winter hardiness traits and for days to flowering (DTF) (0.95) for yield traits. 25 putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for winter survival rate (one QTL), 1000 seed weight (one QTL), field plant height (two QTLs), days to flowering (nine QTLs), and seed yield (12 QTLs) based on association mapping approach using 156 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers. Candidate genes were identified for QTLs using synteny between Vicia faba and Medicago truncatula. SNP markers identified in this study may be used for accelerating breeding program in faba bean to improve winter hardiness and yield traits.