Two investigations were carried out the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, during the winter seasons of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. The investigation were carried out to study the performance of five faba bean genotypes and identifying and discriminating faba bean lines. Seven RAPD markers were used to detect the genetic variability and relationships among five faba bean lines. The results of RAPD analysis showed that six out of the seven tested primers displayed polymorphism among the all tested lines, while one primers were monomorphic. 47.83% out of 69 bands amplified were polymorphic. Unique DNA fragments with different sizes were detected in particular lines but not in the others using different primers. Unique DNA markers with different sizes were related to some traits such as green pod/plants, weight of dry seeds/plant, tellers/plant and protein content percentage traits the genetic similarity among the five faba bean lines was high, ranging from 96.7% to 76%. The highest similarity and shortest genetic distance were found between Romy 80 and Romy 3. While the lowest genetic distance were found between Romy 80 and Ass. 85/37. The investigation suggested that the RAPD approach showed considerable potential for identifying and discriminating faba bean line.