Context:Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) is known to be elevated in different clinical situations including hypercholesterolemia, acute
coronary syndromes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Data about the relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and
sCD40L is limited. In addition, the potential role ofsCD40Lin the pathogenesis of vascular complications in children and adolescents
with T1DM is to be clarified. Hence, the study aimed at assessment of sCD40L levels in children and adolescents with T1DM and
correlation of these levels with glycemic control and microalbuminuria. Settings and Design:Cross-sectional controlled study.
Materials and Methods: The study was performed in the Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Assuit University Children Hospital,
Assiut, Egypt. It included 70 children and adolescents with T1DM (mean age 14. 76 ± 2.21 years). Cases were further subdivided into
43 cases with normoalbuminuria and 27 cases with microalbuminuria according to presence or absence or microalbuminuria in freshurine
samples. Twentyfive healthy subjects, age- and sex-matched were included as control group (mean age = 13.62 ± 2.11 years). Studied cases
were subjected to medical history, clinical examination, and laboratory assessment of fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, glycosylated
hemoglobin (HbA1c), and sCD40L were performed. Results:Mean HbA1c and sCD40L were significantly higher in diabetic children (n= 70)
compared to control (n= 25) (P< 0.001 for each). Mean HbA1c and sCD40L levels were significantly higher in microalbuminuric cases (n= 27)
compared to normoalbuminuric cases (n= 43) (P< 0.05 and <0.01, respectively).We also observed a significant positive correlation between
sCD40L levels and the age, diabetes duration, HbA1c, and urinary albumin creatinine ratio. Conclusions:The high serum sCD40L levels in
children and adolescents with T1DM particularly in those with microalbminuria and its positive correlation with diabetes duration, urinary albumin
excretion, and glycemic control may reflect the role of sCD40L in diabetic vasculopathy in the pediatric age group. Moreover, measurement
of serum sCD40L levels in poorly controlled patients would help to identify those at high risk of developing nephropathy.