Acetamiprid (ACP) is a widespread used insecticide belonging to neonicotinoids (NNs) that are introduced for
controlling pests, and for domestic use to control fleas on cats and dogs. The current experiment pertains to a
comprehensive overview of the toxic effects of acetamiprid and the protective role of folic acid against reproductive,
hematological, histopathological and biochemical toxicity induced by ACP during 5 weeks. Male Albino
rats were divided into four groups of seven each: First group served as control rats (CL group); Second group
received acetamiprid (ACP group) (10 mg/Kg body weight) by oral gavage. Third group received both acetamiprid
and folic acid (ACP + FA group) (2 mg/Kg body weight); Fourth group received folic acid (FA group) (2
mg/Kg body weight). Exposure of rats to acetamiprid caused significant changes in the reproductive indices as it
cause a significant decrease in the sperm count, viability and motility. Furthermore, reproductive hormones such
as testosterone and gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) were found significantly decreased in acetamiprid
treated group. In addition, acetamiprid administration causes significant changes of some hematological and
immunological parameters (red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet (Plt), white blood cells (WBCs),
lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, IgG, IgM and IgA) in treated rats compared to controls. Significant
increases in the levels of hepatic markers enzymes (aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase
(ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in acetamiprid treated group, as well as severe toxic effect was found on the
liver and kidney after acetamiprid delivery according to the histopathological examinations which were
confirmed after applying histological, histochemical, and Immunohistochemistry tests. The most conspicuous
histopathological changes occurred on the liver and kidney of the acetamiprid treated group represented in the
liver by fatty liver cells, leukocytic infiltration, and hemorrhage while in kidney tissues revealed tubular atrophy,
dense eosinophilic cytoplasm and dilated congested blood vessels. Both liver and kidney tissues showed an increase
in the amount of collagenous fibers and immune reactivity of fatty acid synthase. Moreover, other markers
such as uric acid and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly decreased in acetamiprid treated rats.
Co-administration of folic acid to the third group restored all the parameters cited above to near-normal values.
Therefore, our investigation revealed that acetamiprid induce severe toxicity on different body systems and
parameters and folic acid appeared to be a promising agent for protection against acetamiprid-induced toxicity.
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Toxicology
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