Herein, we describe two ferrocene-derived conjugated microporous polymers (FFC-CMPs) prepared through Sonogashira couplings of 9-ferrocenylidene-2,7-dibromo-9H-fluorene (FFC) with tetraethynylpyrene (Py-T) and tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)ethene (TPE-T), respectively, and their properties determined using various spectroscopic techniques. These two FFC CMPs formed inclusion complexes (ICs) with a benzoxazine-linked ß-cyclodextrin (CD-BZ), with host-guest interactions occurring between the ferrocene and ß-CD units. We used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement NMR spectroscopy, solid-state ¹³C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis to characterize these FFC-CMP/CD-BZ ICs. The BZ units in the FFC-CMP/CD-BZ ICs underwent thermal ring-opening polymerization to form new Mannich bridges featuring both intermolecular (OH…O) and intramolecular (OH…N) hydrogen bonds; the resulting TPE-FFC-CMP/poly(CD-BZ) and Py-FFC-CMP/poly (CD-BZ) ICs exhibited outstanding thermal stability, with the latter having the higher CO₂ uptake ability (1.42 mmol g^-1) and capacitance (46 F g^-1 at 0.5 A g^-1).

Background: Host-guest complexes formed from macrocyclic hosts possessing hydrophobic cavities such as cyclodextrins (CDs) and various guest molecules have been studied widely for their fascinating characteristics. The interaction of ferrocene-containing CMPs with hydrophobic cavities of CDs to form inclusion complexes materials with excellent thermal properties and these materials can be used in different fields including energy storage and gas capture.

Methods: Two ferrocene-based fluorene CMPs—TPE-FFC CMP and Py-FFC-CMP—through Sonogashira couplings of 9-ferrocenylidene-2,7-dibromo-9H-fluorene (FFC), as the main block, with tetraethynylpyrene (PyT) and tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)ethene (TPE-T), were successfully synthesized through Sonogashira couplings. Then, the two FFC CMPs were attached to a benzoxazine-functionalized b-cyclodextrin (CD-BZ) through host-guest complexation. The successful synthesis of two FFC CMPs and FFC-CMP/CD-BZ ICs was investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement NMR spectroscopy, solid-state ¹³C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis.

Significant Findings: The present work offers a new and facile strategy for the preparation CMPs/CD inclusion complexes through supramolecular chemistry and using these materials as an electrode in the energy devices and CO₂ uptake.

In this study, we prepared a series of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) through Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-couplings of a tetrabenzonaphthalene (TBN) monomer with pyrene (Py), tetraphenylethylene (TPE), and carbazole (Car) units and examined their chemical structures, thermal stabilities, morphologies, crystallinities, and porosities. TBN-TPE-CMP possessed a high surface area (1150 m² g^-1) and thermal stability T_d10 = 505 °C; char yield = 68 wt %) superior to those of TBN-Py-CMP and TBN-Car-CMP. To improve the conductivity of the TBN-CMP materials, we blended them with highly conductive single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Electrochemical measurements revealed that the TBN-Py-CMP/SWCNT nanocomposite had high capacitance (430 F g^-1) at a current density of 0.5 A g^-1 and outstanding capacitance retention (99.18%) over 2000 cycles; these characteristics were superior to those of the TBN-TPE-CMP/SWCNT and TBN-Car-CMP/SWCNT nanocomposites.

Tungsten oxide semiconductor (WO₃) modified using transition metals (Ni, Fe, and Zn) was synthesized via microwave-assisted solution combustion method. Ni, Fe, and Zn were doped in the WO₃ structure to improve the photocatalytic efficiency. The prepared powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis to investigate products' structural and morphological properties and surface composition. The materials show a monoclinic structure of WO₃ with small shifts in the peak position for each catalyst. Reactive blue 194 (RB 194) aquatic solution was used for photodegradation experiments under UV irradiation to evaluate the photocatalytic properties. The results showed an improvement in photocatalytic activity of host structure within doping the iron and nickel, whereas adding zinc made a decline in decolorization efficiency of WO₃. The photocatalytic performance of samples is in the order of WO₃:Ni > WO₃:Fe > WO₃ > WO₃:Zn. The influences of operational parameters were evaluated for each catalyst to obtain the optimum conditions of the photocatalytic reaction.

The research on binary chalcogenides as photovoltaic materials offers a great opportunity to lower the manufacturing costs of solar cell devices. Thus, we choose to research tin sulfide (SnS) materials as a p-type layer in the SnS/Si heterojunction. Our research reports basic characterizations related to the annealing effect on the SnS films. The effect of substrate type was considered, where SnS films were deposited on glass and Si substrates. The Orthorhombic SnS phase is the main crystal structure of the as prepared polycrystalline SnS films. After thermal treatment, the deposited films on glass substrates maintained the same preferred orientation while deposition on Si changed the preferred orientation to the Sn₂S₃ phase. The intensity of observed reflections in XRD charts decreased with increasing temperature of annealing (T_a) and the treated SnS film at T_a = 673 K showed an absence of ordered structure. The indirect transition showed the best linear fit for all investigated SnS films. The reported band gap energy (E_g) values increased after annealing from 1.29 to 1.50 eV. The thermal induced electrical behavior for SnS films showed the presence of deep impurity levels. Further, we conclude from the calculated values of σ_oΙ that localized states-driven conduction is more reasonable in the high-temperature region. Besides, the SnS films exhibited dc conductivity in the range of 3 × 10^-3–6 × 10^-6 (Ω.cm)^-1. Moreover, we reported the photovoltaic aspects of developed Al/n-Si/p-SnS/In solar cell devices. Data from J-V measurements indicated clear dependence on the SnS layer physical characteristics.

Metal oxide titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanoparticles were synthesized by using a simple and economical sol-gel method. The prepared nanoparticles were used to evaluate methylene blue dye degradation and as catalysts in the oxidation of benzaldehyde. The crystallite size of the titanium dioxide nanoparticle was 18.3 nm, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The spherical morphology was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the elemental composition of the nanoparticle was found by energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis. The anatase form of the nanoparticle was confirmed by the bandgap 3.2 eV, which was measured using UV–DRS analysis. The bond between metal and oxygen was confirmed by the peaks at 485 and 606 cm–1 analyzed by Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR). The efficiency of the catalyst in dye degradation was 60.08, 68.38, and 80.89% with respect to 50, 75, and 100 mg catalyst weight. The yield % of benzoic acid was 94%, and the reduction efficiency against 4-nitrophenol was 98.44%

Compton scattering of single-energy ?-ray results in a one-to-one relationship between the incident and

scattered photon energies. This relationship is altered when the incident beam has a definite energy distribution

because of the broadening occurring in the energy distribution upon Compton scattering. This broadening

causes a change in the spectral density of the Compton-scattered spectra. To restore the spectral density, the

energy distribution of the scattered radiation must be manifested as a function of the scattering kinematics.

Here, we propose a simple analytic way to calculate the energy spread of the scattered photons in terms of the

geometry of the scattering process and the energy spread of the incident photon beam. The predictions of the

model agree with measurements of Compton scattering of quasi-monochromatic ?-ray beams, carried out at the

High Intensity ?-ray Source (HI?S) facility, Duke University. As a benchmark of our method, we measured the

intensity profile of energy-distributed ?-ray beams by direct measurements as well as by Compton scattering.

We found that only when the spectral density of the scattered radiation is restored, the measured intensity

profile agrees with the actual profile of the incident beam. The proposed method can continuously measure

the flux of an energy-distributed ?-ray beams in real time and on a bin-by-bin basis. Such online monitoring

of ?-ray beams is indispensable for in-beam measurements and applications.