The usage of materials with the potential to accelerate wound healing is a great benefit for patients and health care systems. This study evaluated the impact of using graphene oxide (GO)–cellulose nanocomposite on skin wound healing via in vitro and in vivo investigations. The nanomaterial was synthesized and characterized. Cytocompatibility performance of the GO-cellulose was investigated through in vitro testing based on MTT and live/dead assays by EA.hy926 human endothelial cells (ECs). Additionally, the effect of GO-cellulose on induced wound scratch model using EA.hy926 ECs was investigated. Finally, the therapeutic effect of GO-cellulose was evaluated in vivo after the creation of two full-thickness wounds in the dorsum of rats (8 mm diameter). These wounds were randomly placed into two groups, the control group (10 wounds) and the GO-cellulose group (10 wounds), and monitored for gross and histopathological changes at 7 and 21 days after wound induction. MTT and Live/Dead assays showed excellent GO-cellulose cytocompatibility, whereas no difference in ECs viability was observed after culturing using conditioned media. GO-cellulose nanocomposite enhanced cell migration in the in vitro wound scratch assay. As compared to the control group, the GO-cellulose nanocomposite group's wound healing process was promoted in the in vivo rat skin wounds. Interestingly, wound re-epithelization and neovascularization were significantly accelerated in the GO-cellulose-treated rats. Furthermore, thick granulation tissue formation and intense collagen deposition were found in the GO-cellulose group. These findings showed that GO-cellulose has a promoting effect on skin wound healing, suggesting its promising and potential application in tissue regeneration.

The present article discussed the relationships between thyroidal hormonal changes, rumen functions and
metabolism, serum biochemicals assays, electrolytes and blood pictures in sheep in Egypt either before or after potassium
iodide (KI) adding to their rations through long term study extended for successive 65 days. The study was
conducted on fattening Osimi sheep (n=19) with ages ranging between 6-11 months. Animals were supplied with KI
salts dissolved in distilled water in the morning with a dose of 0.15 mg/kg in addition to 0.093 mg iodine /kg DM/
day for successive 65 days. The examined sheep were undergoing thorough investigations included clinically, laboratory,
rumen functions and body gain estimation according to the following schedule; zero, 15th, 30th and 65th days. The
study reported significant changes in rumen metabolic functions through the remarkable improvement in each of the
protozoal ciliate density and TVFAs, and reduced ruminal ammonia as well as maintaining normal pH. Most of blood
picture indices showed clear improvement particularly red blood corpuscles and haemoglobin concentration. Thyroid
functions were clearly affected with long-term 65 days KI supplementation as thyroid hormones were significantly
reduced in their concentrations and reached their lowest values at day 65, however, they were still not lower than their
reference values. Serum biochemicals showed no changes except for glucose that showed significant improvement.
Long-term KI supplementation had a great impact on serum blood urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase through
their significant serum concentrations reduction. A significant improvement in body weight gain was reported in treated
sheep during the current study with a reported highest body weight gain at the 65th day. In Conclusion, long-term
65 days KI supplementation induced variable significant changes in sheep mainly rumen metabolic functions, blood
picture indices, thyroid hormones functions and body weight gain.

Background: Parasitic infection is one of the main problems in equidae, particularly donkeys.
Aim: This study evaluated the oxidative stress in donkeys infected with Strongylus spp by determining the correlation between antioxidants levels; malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and the severity of parasitic infection. It also compared the therapeutic efficacy of piperazine citrate as an oral anthelmintic drug and Doramectin as an injectable one.
Methods: The study was conducted on 40 donkeys naturally infected with Strongylus spp. These donkeys were divided into two groups (20 donkeys each) according to treatment; One group was treated with piperazine citrate (PipTG) and the other with doramectin (DoraTG). Thorough clinical examination, hematological, biochemical, and parasitological assays were performed before (Day 0) and after treatment (Days 7, 14, 21, and 28). All data were statistically analyzed by independent-sample t-test or paired t-test.
Results: In both groups, mean values of MDA were significantly reduced, while those of TAC were significantly elevated after treatment on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. These significant changes were reported after treatment between PipTG and DoraTG in favor of DoraTG. Serum concentrations of MDA were significantly reduced, while those of TAC were significantly elevated for DoraTG treatment group when their values were compared with those of PipTG either on days 7, 14, 21, or 28. Significant correlations were reported in PipTG and DoraTG. Negative significant correlations were reported between fecal egg count (FEC) and each of whole blood picture indices (RBCS, Hb, and PCV), serum TAC and faecal egg count reduction percentage FECR%. A positive correlation was seen between FEC and MDA. MDA exhibited a negative correlation with both blood picture and TAC; hence, TAC was positively correlated with these blood picture indices in both PipTG and DoraTG. In PipTG, anthelmintic resistance (R) was present on days 7 and 14, while it was suspected (S) at day 21 then it was absent (N) at day 28. In DoraTG, anthelmintic resistance was suspected (S) on day 7, then it became absent (N) on days 14, 21, and 28 post therapy.
Conclusion: The immunological status of the infected donkeys had greatly improved after treatment. The therapeutic efficacy of injectable doramectin was more efficient than that of oral piperazine citrate in Strongylus spp. infected donkeys.

Background: Ketosis is one of the most critical metabolic disorders that occur in dairy cows after parturition due to negative energy balance around calving.
Aim: The study evaluated a specific therapeutic regimen of ketosis in Holstein dairy cattle by using the combination therapy including hormones, corticosteroids, propylene glycol, and vitamin B12 as well as the use of milk yield rates, insulin, insulin sensitivity, and abomasal functions monitors as diagnostic biomarkers for the recovery of ketotic cows either pre-therapy (0 days) or post-therapy (7 and 14 days).
Methods: This study was conducted on ketotic cattle (n = 20) belonged to different dairy farms in Cairo and Giza governorates, Egypt. The diseased cows were undergoing clinical and biochemical investigations for the estimation of serum insulin. Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (RQUICKI) and abomasal functions monitor mainly serum levels of gastrin, pepsinogen, and chloride.
Results: The milk production rates, cost: benefit analysis ratio, and benefit of the dairy farm in ketotic animals were significantly increased post-treatment. An improvement of insulin sensitivity was stated as serum insulin, and RQUICKI were remarkably increased in post-therapeutic ketotic cows. Monitors of the abomasal function revealed abomasal functions improvement through the significant elevation of blood gastrin and a substantial reduction in serum pepsinogen due to treatment.
Conclusion: The study revealed high efficacy of the applied therapeutic strategy regime. It led to a high recovery rate and a very low relapse rate for ketosis. An improvement in milk yield rates, insulin sensitivity, and abomasal function monitors was reported. Hypoinsulinaemia was still reported, however, serum insulin was improved.

Background and Aim: Intestinal disorders represented a large proportion of abdominal emergencies in bovine practice, and their definite diagnosis was a big challenge. The study described different intestinal disorders in cattle either in the small intestine (SI) or large intestine with their sequelae and peritonitis between SI loops.
Materials and Methods: This study involved healthy (n=20) and diseased (n=40) cattle with intestinal disorders. All animals were undergoing clinical examination, laboratory analyses, and ultrasonographic examination.
Results: Diseased cattle had monocytic leukocytosis as well as hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia. The SI ileus of either proximal (n=12) or distal (n=15), intussusception (n=3), cecal, and/or colonal dilatation (n=10) were diagnosed by ultrasound and other diagnostic tools. Duodenum intussusception was imaged in cross-section as bull’s eyes lesions. Animals with SI obstructions showed complete cessation (ileus with complete obstruction) or partial reduction of the peristaltic SI movement (ileus with partial obstruction), dilated duodenum (6.5-9.9  cm), and dilated jejunum and/or ileum (4.4-6.8  cm). Ultrasonography diagnosed SI ileus, due to either intestinal obstruction or peritonitis, and detected the ileus site, either proximal or distal. Cecal/colonal dilatation was detected using ultrasonography in which SI was not imaged and the peristaltic movements were completely reduced. The recorded intestinal disorders were associated with other disorders (e.g.,   liver cirrhosis or peritonitis).
Conclusion: Ultrasonography played an important role in the differential diagnosis of intestinal disorders in cattle. Peritonitis between SI loops and cecal and/or colonal dilatation was also diagnosed.

Calf diarrhea is a common syndrome causing colossal economic losses.Rotavirus and Coronavirus are major pathogens of calf diarrhea. During the period of investigation (13 consecutive months), a total number of 140 neonatal calves were carefully examined and thereafter subjected to serological and molecular diagnosis for the diagnosis of Rota and Corona viruses' infection. The serological and molecular diagnosis by using LAT and RT-PCR indicated that positive samples of Rotavirus infection were 21.43% (30/140) and 8% (4/50), respectively. ELISA and RT-PCR were used in diagnosing of BCoV infection and found that positive samples were 2.13% (2/94) and 4% (2/50), respectively. The Prevalence of Rotavirus and Coronavirus infection was 21.43 % (30/140) and 2.13 % (2/94) of the examined calves, respectively. It was found that there was a strong negative correlation between age of examined calves and Rotavirus infection. Coronavirus infection was found in calves at >4-7 weeks. There were no significance difference in Rota and Corona viruses' infection and sex, breed and species of examined calves. The most positive cases of Rotavirus and Coronavirus infection were reported in cold months. The lower infection rate of Rotavirus was recorded in hot months.It is concluded that Rota and Corona viruses play an outstanding role in causing enteritis in neonatal calves in different localities of Assiut governorate.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most widely spread food additives that might cause male
infertility. However, Nigella sativa L. seeds (NSS) could provide a solution. This study was designed
to investigate the potential effects of NSS on rats ingesting MSG. To achieve this aim, adult male
albino rats were randomly equally assigned into three groups for 21 days: control group received no
treatment, MSG group received MSG as 30 g/kg feed, and MSG + NSS group received MSG as 30 g/kg
and NSS as 30 g/kg feed. Testis histomorphometry showed marked deterioration by MSG as atrophic
seminiferous tubules with degeneration of their lining cells, damaged Leydig cells and decreased
germ cells number. Periodic Acid Schiff stain indicated irregular interrupted basement membranes.
Glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and caspase‑3 immuno‑expressions increased
in testicular cells. Testosterone levels were significantly decreased in MSG challenged rats along with
significant increase in luteinizing hormone levels, whereas NSS normalized this hormonal profile.
MSG exposure also caused significantly increased lipid peroxides (LPO), glutathione‑S‑transferase,
and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) whereas nitric oxide and SOD2 were significantly decreased.
NSS succeeded in rebalance LPO and TAC and ameliorated the histoarchitectural disturbances. NSS
mitigated MSG‑induced testicular impairment by its antioxidant and cytoprotective activities.