With the rise of intelligent transportation (ITS), autonomous cars, and on-the-road entertainment and computation, vehicular edge computing (VEC) has become a primary research topic in 6G and beyond communications. On the other hand, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are a major enabling technology that can help in the task offloading domain. This study introduces a novel VEC architecture that incorporates non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), where vehicles perform binary or partial computation offloading to edge nodes (eNs) for task execution. We construct a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) transmission model by considering vehicular interference and formulating a joint task offloading and resource allocation (JTORA) problem with the goal of reducing total service latency and energy usage. Next, we decompose this problem into task offloading (TO …

In the development history of high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS), the introduction of pulsating flow was extremely important, it successfully solved the problem of matrix clogging and allowed continuous and stable operation in the industry. However, the current pulsating HGMS (PHGMS) theory remains inadequately understood. In this paper, a 2D simulation model was established in COMSOL Multiphysics to reveal the magnetic field characteristics, flow field distribution, and particle capture dynamics in a PHGMS system. Quantitative comparisons were carried out between single-wire and multi-wire systems in the presence and absence of pulsation flow. The simulation results indicated that due to the coupled effect of neighboring magnetic wires in matrix, the magnetic field strength around an individual magnetic wire would slightly drop while the flow field velocity would increase. The introduction of pulsating flow could increase the peak value of fluid velocity and give particles a chance to move up and down. The analysis of particles travels length and capture probability indicated that the recovery for fine particles might be improved by increasing the strength of pulsating flow. This study provided a novel strategy for the highly efficient recovery of fine, weakly magnetic materials.

In southwest China, the Panzhihua area annually produces about 80 million tons of tailings with a TiO₂ grade of around 5.0%, which causes serious waste of titanium resources as well as environmental and safety issues. The ilmenite contained in these tailings is ultra-fine in size, so it is difficult to recover under the regular operating conditions of pulsating high gradient magnetic separation (PHGMS). In this study, an SLon-100 PHGMS separator was applied to concentrate an ultra-fine titanium tailing under a wide range of operating conditions. The experimental results indicated that a combination of high pulsating frequency, large pulsating stroke, and low feed velocity was favorable for the highly efficient recovery of ultra-fine ilmenite from the tailings. The TiO₂ grade in the optimal concentrate was enhanced from 4.33% to 13.64%, at a recovery of 66.55% and an enrichment ratio of 3.15 through a one-stage PHGMS process. The size analysis of the optimal concentrate showed that the TiO₂ recovery in -25+18 µm and -18+10 µm fractions exceeded 70%. To further understand this PHGMS performance, the optimal ultra-fine ilmenite and larger-size ilmenite concentration conditions were compared. This study provides a valuable reference in the PHGMS operation for recovering ultra-fine weakly magnetic minerals, including ilmenite.