Despite the transition to digital information exchange, many documents, such as invoices, taxes, memos and questionnaires, historical data, and answers to exam questions, still require handwritten inputs. In this regard, there is a need to implement Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) which is an automatic way to decrypt records using a computer. Handwriting recognition is challenging because of the virtually infinite number of ways a person can write the same message. For this proposal we introduce Kazakh handwritten text recognition research, a comprehensive dataset of Kazakh handwritten texts is necessary. This is particularly true given the lack of a dataset for handwritten Kazakh text. In this paper, we proposed our extensive Kazakh offline Handwritten Text dataset (KOHTD), which has 3000 handwritten exam papers and more than 140335 segmented images and there are approximately 922010 symbols

Nowadays, cyber-attack is a severe criminal violation, and it is one of the most active fields of research. A Man-in-the-middle attack (MITM) is a type of cyber-attack in which an unauthorized third party secretly accesses the communication between two hosts in the same network to read/modify the transferred data between them. ARP spoofing-based MITM attack exploits ARP protocol weakness where the attacker associates its MAC address with the IP address of an intended legitimate host. Although there are many defense approaches for ARP spoofing based-MITM attacks, these methods are uncompleted or have a performance overhead since they modify the original ARP protocol. Also, some of these approaches depend on the centralized server, which is a single point of failure. This paper presents a detection scheme for ARP spoofing-based MITM attack called D-ARP, which is compatible with the original ARP protocol. The main idea of D-ARP is to send an ARP packet signed with a key in parallel with the original ARP packets to make a correlation between requests and replies. Each host records all types of signing ARP packets in a log file. Based on this correlation, D-ARP matches the injected key to detect ARP spoofing if there is a duplicate or conflict in the MAC address. For more reliability, D-ARP uses the DHCP server and the Nmap feature to detect the MAC addresses of MITM attackers. Moreover, this scheme also offers a module for Admin to create a trusted list of hosts. The experimental results show that D-ARP is highly effective for detecting and preventing ARP spoofing with zero false positives and zero false negative probabilities.