A lot of insecticides are found nowadays, but neonicotinoids are considered the most famous. So, a series of pyridine derivatives neonicotinoids analogues, namely, 3-cyano-4,6-dimethylpyridine-2(1H)-one (1), 2-chloro-3-cyano-4,6- dimethylpyridine (2), 3-cyano-4,6-dimethylpyridine-2(1H)-thione (3), 3-cyano-4,6- distyrylpyridine-2(1H)-thione (4), 2-((3-cyano-4,6-distyrylpyridin-2-yl)thio)-N-phenylacetamide (5), 3-amino-N-phenyl-4,6-distyrylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (6), 2-((3-cyano-4,6-distyrylpyridin-2-yl)thio)-N-(p-tolyl)acetamide (7), 3-amino-4,6-distyryl- N-(p-tolyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (8), 2-((3-cyano-4,6-distyrylpyridin- 2-yl)thio)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide (9), and 3-amino-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6- distyrylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (10), have been designed and synthesized in pure state, and their agricultural bioefficacy as insecticides against cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch was screened. The structures of the synthesized compounds were verified by means of spectroscopic and elemental analyses. Insecticidal bioefficacy data illustrated that some compounds are excellent against cowpea aphid, and the bioefficacy of the rest of the tested compounds ranged from good to moderate against the same insects.

NULL

The present research was concerned with studying the physiological response of two sorghum cultivars to different rates and splitting of NPK. This study was carried out in the Experimental Agricultural Farm of Agriculture faculty in Assiut Univ, Assuit Governorate, Egypt; during the two growing seasons of 2012 and 2013. The field experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using split-split plot arrangement with three replications. The cultivars (Giza 15 and Dorado cultivar) were a signed in the main plot, while the NPK rates (75, 100 and 125% of the recommended NPK fertilizers/fed) were allotted in the sub plot and different Split doses (1, 2, 3 and 4 times) were allotted in the sub-sub plots. The experimental unit area was 12 m2. In general, the maximum meanvalues of grain yield (21.2 and 23.1 ard/fed in 2012 and 2013 seasons, respectively) were obtained from Giza 15 cultivar when received the highest NPK rate (125% of the recommended NPK fertilizers/fed) applied at three equal doses.

Neonicotinoids are the most widely used from all existing pesticides. So, in purpose to discover new pesticides being more effective against the aphid, twelve heterocyclic compounds neonicotinoid analogs have been prepared in a pure state; pyrimidothienotetrahydroisoquinolines 1–12 and their toxicity as potential insecticidal agents against cowpea Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch was screened. Their characterizations by using spectroscopic analyses were performed. The toxicity data exhibited that the 8-chloropyrimidine compound 4 is more toxic about 2-fold than a reference insecticide, acetamiprid. The other screened compounds showed weak to strong toxicological activities against cowpea aphid.

Neonicotinoids are the most widely used from all existing pesticides. So, in purpose to discover new pesticides being more effective against the aphid, twelve heterocyclic compounds neonicotinoid analogs have been prepared in a pure state; pyrimidothienotetrahydroisoquinolines 1–12 and their toxicity as potential insecticidal agents against cowpea Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch was screened. Their characterizations by using spectroscopic analyses were performed. The toxicity data exhibited that the 8-chloropyrimidine compound 4 is more toxic about 2-fold than a reference insecticide, acetamiprid. The other screened compounds showed weak to strong toxicological activities against cowpea aphid.

Background: The object of this work was to evaluate of the hepatic effects of the herbicides glyphosate-Roundup® by different doses in both sexes of albino rats. Methods: Forty animals divided into four groups with ten animals for each (both sexes) were treated orally with vehicle (controls) and 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg bwt of glyphosate-Roundup® (treated groups) for 15 days daily. Results: The most conspicuous changes occurred on the liver treated groups due to glyphosate toxicity were the increase of enzymes activities of ALT and AST, cellular infiltration, many signs of nucleus degeneration, focal necrosis, rarified cytoplasm, disorganization of cellular organelles, and deposition of lipid droplets. The increase in the amount of collagenous fibers and the number of the mast cell were also observed. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the administration of glyphosate-Roundup® in different doses may cause adverse effects on the histopathological, ultrastructure, and biochemical alternations on the liver of the albino rats.

Abstract Botrytis umbel blight caused by Botrytis allii is a major disease that attacks onion crop. In vitro, Trichoderma viride, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and extract of bitter apple fruits (Citrullus colocynthis) showed antagonistic effect and inhibited the mycelial growth of B. allii. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of bitter apple fruits showed the existence of 37 compounds and their derivatives. Among them, 10 compounds constituted 58.66% of the total analyses. Greenhouse experiment approved that the extract of bitter apple fruits was the most effective in reducing disease incidence and severity, followed by P. chrysogenum, when they were applied 2 days pre-inoculation with the pathogen. All treatments significantly increased the total phenolic contents than the untreated control, but the highest increase was obtained when S. cerevisiae and P. chrysogenum were applied. A positive correlation was found between the activity of bioagents and improvement of peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzymes in onion plants to resist infection with the pathogen. P. chrysogenum caused the highest increase in polyphenoloxidase activity in infected onion plants, while S. cerevisiae showed the lowest level of this enzyme. The study approved that application of the bioagents not only protected the onions against Botrytis disease but also enhanced the content of antioxidant compounds in onions. This encourages the application of such preparations to manage the production of onion crop, especially in the organic farming that bans the application of any chemicals.

A field experiment was conducted for two successive years to investigate the conventional propagation of Rosa hybrida cv. Eiffel Tower using stem cuttings as affected by the growing season of the year, cutting type and the application of indol-3-butyric acid (IBA) at different concentrations. Uniform cutting types ~ 15-20 cm long (apical, median and basal) were collected from the current year growth of healthy mother plants. Then the cutting bases (2-3 cm) were soaked for 20 minutes in different concentrations of IBA (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm) and the lower end of the cuttings were stuck into 14-cm plastic pots filled with a peat: perlite mixture (1:1v/v). The obtained results statistically analyzed by ANOVA showed that rooting percentage of stem cuttings, number of roots and root length varied according to cutting type, concentration of IBA and growing season. The median cutting type was significantly superior to the other types in both autumn and spring seasons. IBA application significantly improved rooting percentage, root number and root length of the treated cuttings comparing to the untreated ones (control). A significant interaction between cutting type and IBA concentrations was observed on most of the characteristics measured during the autumn season only.

Little information is available about the Cd-phytoextraction mechanism by quail bush [Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.)S. Wats]. A pot experiment was conducted using a Cd-polluted soil (50 mg kg−1) to explore mechanism of Cd-phytoextraction by quail bush as well as the role of EDTA and vinasse as mobilizing agents. EDTA was applied ata rate of 0, 1, 2, and 3 mmol kg−1, while vinasse was applied at a rate of 0, 4, 8, and 16 ml kg−1. EDTA hadnegative effects on the physiochemical properties of the soil. In contrast of EDAT, vinasse caused a remarkablebetterment in soil conditions where it increased the soil structure and porosity by 35 and 48% and increased thesoil acidity by 8.3%. Growth of roots and shoots reduced by 29 and 33%, respectively; when EDTA was appliedat a rate of 3 mmol kg−1, on the other hand the application of 16 ml of vinasse kg−1increased the roots andshoots growth by 20 and 21%, respectively. The highest rate of vinasse induced a 31% increase in chlorophyllcontent but 3 mmol of EDTA caused a great negative stress in plant growth and induced a 78% increase inproline content. EDTA and vinasse enhanced the transfer of Cd from soil to roots and from roots to shoots. Quailbush amended with vinasse at a rate of 16 ml kg−1was able to remove 8.34% of the total soil Cd during a100 days, while that amended with 3 mmol of EDTA was able to remove 5.51%. EDTA was more effective inincreasing Cd availability and uptake, but sugarcane vinasse was more effective in enhancing the Cd-phytoex-traction. Based on the obtained results, using sugarcane vinasse to enhance Cd-phytoextraction by quail bush isan effective plan to remediate Cd-contaminated soils.

A field experiment was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture Farm, Assiut University, New Valley branch during 2015 and 2016 summer season to study the response of five peanut genotypes to phosphorus fertilization levels. This experiment was laid outin arandomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split plot arrangement with three replications. Phosphorus levels (P) were distributed randomly on the main plot and peanut genotypes at sub plot. The obtained result show that peanut plants fertilized with 45 kg fed.-1 P2O5 significantly gained the highest mean values of most studied traits in the two growing seasons. Furthermore, peanut genotypes had a significant effect on most studied traits in both seasons. Thus, L35 peanut genotype surpassed the others tested genotypes in most studied traits in both seasons. Moreover, the highest mean values of seed yield and oil yields were obtained from45 kg fed.-1 P2O5 and L35 peanut genotype surpassed all other genotypes in seed and oil yields in both seasons.