Carbon dots (CDs) with small particles less than 10 nm offered unique electrochemical properties. They can be synthesized via various methods using abundant carbon sources. The electrochemical properties of CDs can be optimized via several strategies, including doping with heteroatoms, optimizing the synthesis conditions, and postsynthetic procedures. CDs can be used as suitable electron transporters. They exhibit several advantages, such as a large surface area that offers simple electrode fabrication and enables a high contact area with the investigated analyte. The electrochemical properties of CDs have advanced the analysis of different analytes, including heavy metals ions, biomarkers, hydrogen peroxide, drugs, and other species. The functional groups of CDs provided strong interactions with the vast number of analytes promoting direct electron transfer. CDs offered high sensitivity, good selectivity, and promising properties for analyzing real samples.