for advancing nutrition and ensuring food security. Amaranthus blitum L. (AB) stands out as one such crop with a traditional
history of being used to treat intestinal disorders, roundworm infections, and hemorrhage. This study aimed
to evaluate the anthelmintic and hematologic activities across various extracts of AB and investigate the phytoconstituents
responsible for these activities.
Methods In vitro anthelmintic activity against Trichinella spiralis was evaluated in terms of larval viability reduction.
The anti-platelet activities were assessed based on the inhibitory effect against induced platelet aggregation. Further,
effects on the extrinsic pathway, the intrinsic pathway, and the ultimate common stage of blood coagulation, were
monitored through measuring blood coagulation parameters: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin
time (aPTT), and thrombin time (TT), respectively. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic
analysis.
Results Interestingly, a previously undescribed compound (19), N-(cis-p-coumaroyl)-ʟ-tryptophan, was isolated
and identified along with 21 known compounds. Significant in vitro larvicidal activities were demonstrated
by the investigated AB extracts at 1 mg/mL. Among tested compounds, compound 18 (rutin) displayed the highest
larvicidal activity. Moreover, compounds 19 and 20 (N-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-ʟ-tryptophan) induced complete
larval death within 48 h. The crude extract exhibited the minimal platelet aggregation of 43.42 ± 11.69%, compared
with 76.22 ± 14.34% in the control plasma. Additionally, the crude extract and two compounds 19 and 20 significantly
inhibited the extrinsic coagulation pathway.
Conclusions These findings extend awareness about the nutritional value of AB as a food, with thrombosis-preventing
capabilities and introducing a promising source for new anthelmintic and anticoagulant agents.
Keywords Amaranthus blitum L., Amaranthaceae, Anthelmintic, Haemostatic, Anti-coagulant, Anti-platelet

In our pursuit of an alternative drug against Trichinella spiralis, we assessed the effectiveness of nanocurcumin in alleviating pathogenesis,
parasitological factors, MMP-9 levels, and its expression in the enteral and parenteral phases of infection. The nanocurcumin particles, with a
spherical shape and a size of 100 ± 20 nm, were used in the study. Eighty mice were divided into four groups: the control group, the
untreated infected group, the nanocurcumin-treated group, and the albendazole-treated group. The nanocurcumin-treated group exhibited a
statistically significant increase in the percentage of lymphocytes, along with a reduction in neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils
compared to the untreated, infected group. Both the nanocurcumin (87.2 and 97.3%) and the albendazole-treated groups (99.8 and 98.2%)
showed a significant reduction in the mean number of intestinal worms and encysted larvae, respectively. The treated groups exhibited
normal intestinal villi, suppression of the inflammatory process, and fewer instances of degenerated larvae in the diaphragm and muscle
compared to the untreated, infected group. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA analyses revealed a significant downregulation of MMP-9
levels in the intestines and muscles of the treated groups. Our data demonstrate that nanocurcumin contains highly versatile molecules
capable of modulating biological activity against inflammation and its pathway markers.

This research paper presents the epidemiological data and clinical manifestations of blood parasitic infections in cattle. A total of 130 blood samples were collected from animals exhibiting clinical signs suggestive of blood parasitic infection. Microscopic examination of blood smears revealed an overall infection rate of 46.2% among the examined cattle. Theileria sp. infections were found to be the most prevalent, with an overall prevalence of 40%. Babesia sp. infections had a lower overall prevalence of 6.2%, Microscopic examination also highlighted the intracellular localization of Theileria and Babesia parasites within red blood cells. The infected red blood cells exhibited morphological changes, appearing enlarged and distorted compared to unaffected cells. The study analyzed the risk factors for Theileria sp. and Babesia sp. infections in cattle, specifically focusing on age and gender. The prevalence of Theileria sp. infection was highest in cattle less than one year, with no significant difference observed among different age groups or genders. Similarly, there was no significant difference in Babesia sp. infection rates based on age or gender. These results provide valuable insights into the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of blood parasitic infections in cattle. The findings can contribute to the development of effective control and prevention strategies, highlighting the importance of regular surveillance and management practices in mitigating the impact of these infections on cattle health and productivity.

Trichinella spiralis infection is a food-borne zoonotic disease caused by nematodes
that dwell in the tissues, presenting a significant public health concern. This study
aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments including silver nanoparticles
(AgNPs), myrrh biosynthesized AgNPs “AgNPs synthesized using plant-based
green technologies”, myrrh extract, and myrrh essential oil, as alternative treatments
against T. spiralis infection. Parasitological, histopathological, and cytotoxicity assessments
were conducted to investigate the effects of various concentrations of these
treatments in reducing the populations of adult worms and larvae during both the
intestinal and muscular phases of T. spiralis-infected mice. The results showed that
the highest antihelminthic efficacy against the intestinal phase of T. spiralis was
achieved by myrrh extract (86.66%), followed closely by AgNPs (84.96%) and myrrh
AgNPs (82.51%) at higher concentrations (800 mg/kg for myrrh extract, 40 μg/mL
for AgNPs, and 40 μg/mL for myrrh AgNPs). While the group treated with myrrh
essential oil showed the lowest percentage of adult reduction (78.14%). However, all
treatments demonstrated comparable effects in reducing the larvae population in the
muscle phase. Histopathological examination of the tissues revealed compelling evidence
of the effectiveness of AgNPs, particularly when prepared with myrrh. Additionally,
a comprehensive assessment of the cytotoxicity of AgNPs indicated low
toxicity levels. This study supports that AgNPs synthesized using plant-based green
technologies hold therapeutic potential for the treatment of T. spiralis infectionThese findings present a promising avenue for the development of novel antiparasitic
drugs that are both effective and safe

Abstract

Evaluation of the metabolic profile indices allows early detection and treatment of various metabolic disorders during the transition period in ewes. This study aimed to determine the variations in the blood metabolites around lambing in Ossimi ewes. The blood metabolites were investigated in ewes with single (n = 27) and multiple (n = 9) lambs at 3- and 1-week pre-lambing and 3-week post-lambing. The plasma concentrations of glucose were higher in single-bearing ewes than those in multiple-bearing ewes (p < .05), moreover, its lowest value was measured at 1-week prepartum in both groups. Throughout the study period, the serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were significantly increased in ewes with multiple lambs compared to ewes with single lambs (p < .05), and the highest value was found at 1-week before parturition in both groups. In addition, the serum level of beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) was higher at 3-week postpartum, and it was significantly increased in multiple-bearing ewes than that in single-bearing ones (p < .05) at 3-week pre-lambing. In both groups, the lowest values of total proteins were determined 1-week before lambing, and its concentrations, at 3- and 1-week prepartum, were higher in ewes with single lambs than those with multiple lambs (p < .05). In contrast, the serum concentrations of albumin were significantly lowered 1-week postpartum (p < .05), and without significant differences between both groups (p > .05). The serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were significantly increased at 1-week after parturition in both groups (p < .05). Furthermore, the serum activities of AST were higher in multiple-bearing ewes than those in single-bearing ones at 3-week pre-lambing and 3-week post-lambing (p < .05). Variable positive and negative correlations were determined among the blood metabolites. In conclusion, physiological adaptations are associated with the fluctuation of the blood metabolites around lambing. The higher the number of foetuses the higher the metabolic variations in Ossimi ewes. Therefore, regular metabolic profiling for health monitoring may be necessary to avoid disease development during the transition period.