Nickel (Ni) is required in trace amounts (less than 500 µg kg−1) to regulate metabolic processes and the immune system and to act as an enzymatic catalytic cofactor. However, it has been recognized as an acute toxic substance. Human nickel exposure occurs through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, ultimately leading to respiratory, cardiovascular, and chronic kidney diseases. The nickel concentration in environmental mediums has progres- sively surged to levels as high as 26,000 ppm in soil and 0.2 mg L−1 in water, significantly surpassing the estab- lished threshold limits of 100 ppm for soil and 0.005 ppm for surface water. Nickel is required by various plant species in the range of 0.01–5 µg g−1 (dry weight) to enhance their growth and yield. Nickel toxicity in plants (10–1000 mg kg−1 dry weight mass) leads to down-regulated growth and development, hindered seed germina- tion, chlorosis, necrosis, and disrupted metabolic processes. Nowadays, various remediation approaches are em- ployed to remove heavy metals (especially nickel) including Physicochemical, and biological methods. Physico- chemical methods are not commonly used due to their costly nature and the potential for producing secondary pollutants. On the other hand, bioremediation is an easy-to-handle, efficient, and cost-effective approach, en- compassing techniques such as bioremediation, bioleaching, bioreactors, landforming, and bio-augmentation. However, phytoremediation has become widely utilized for cleaning up contaminated sites. Numerous hyperac- cumulator plants can absorb and store high concentrations of nickel from their surroundings through various mechanisms, thereby helping detoxify nickel-contaminated soils via phytoextraction. Microbe-assisted phytore- mediation further optimizes nickel detoxification by fostering beneficial interactions between microbes and hy- peraccumulator plants, promoting enhanced metal uptake, transformation, and sequestration. Microbe-assisted phytoremediation can be categorized into subtypes: bacterial-assisted phytoremediation, cyanoremediation, my- corrhizal-assisted remediation, and rhizoremediation. This approach leads to a more efficient and sustainable re- mediation of nickel-contaminated environments.
Research Abstract
Research Journal
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Research Member
Research Publisher
Elsevier
Research Year
2025