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A geospatial decision-support framework for managed aquifer recharge in hyper-arid environments: Wadi El-Nakhil Basin, Eastern Desert, Egypt

Research Abstract

Groundwater recharge sustains freshwater resources in arid and hyper-arid environments, where replenishment is largely restricted to episodic flash floods. However, identifying locations where such short-lived runoff can be effectively and safely captured for Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) remains a major planning challenge. This study developed an integrated hydro-geospatial framework for screening and prioritizing candidate sites for Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) investigation in Wadi El-Nakhil Basin, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Weighted Linear Combination were used to integrate eighteen geological, hydrogeological, topographic, hydrological, and environmental criteria into a Groundwater Recharge Potential Index (GRPI). The mapped GRPI classes comprised Very High (15.33%), High (31.04%), Moderate (27.80%), Low (16.50%), and Very Low (9.33%) relative screening suitability. Nine candidate locations were identified for further MAR investigation. The AHP weighting showed high internal consistency (CR = 0.006787). Monte Carlo analysis examined variation in criterion weights under prescribed perturbations. Comparison with eight control wells indicated agreement with groundwater productivity, although spatially independent performance was not established. Gravity-fed recharge wells, permeable gabion check dams, and subsurface infiltration galleries are discussed as conceptual options requiring site-specific hydraulic, water-quality, operational, and economic assessment. The assessment identifies spatial priorities for MAR investigation in a basin where episodic water supply and heterogeneous subsurface conditions complicate site selection. Its contribution is a basin-specific screening assessment linking candidate locations to the field information required for feasibility evaluation. Recharge rates, available storage, recoverable water volumes, and operational performance remain to be established through site investigation and pilot testing.

Research Authors
Eltaher M. Shams, Rashad Sawires, Tadahiro Kishida
Research Date
Research Department
Research Journal
Scientific African
Research Member
Research Pages
e03703
Research Publisher
Elsevier
Research Rank
Web of Science Q1
Research Vol
34
Research Website
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227626005284
Research Year
2026