M. Ward and R.P. Dilworth were the first to describe the commutative residuated lattices as a generalization of ideal ring lattices. Complete studies on residuated lattices were developed by H. Ono, T. Kowalski, P. Jipsen and C. Tsinakis. Furthermore, Y. Xu is credited with the invention of lattice implication algebra. The aim of the paper was to link up the structures used in foundations of quantum logic and arising in many-valued reasoning. It is shown that implication algebra with unity can be described as residuated lattice.

Abstract: Themain goal of thiswork is to study the effect of
irradiation on the thermal behavior of europium acetate
hydrate. Exposure to gamma and electron beam irradiation
significantly altered the kinetic triplets (Ea, lnA, f(α)) and
thermodynamic parameters. Integral and differential
linear isoconversional methods were applied to determine
activation energy, Ea, and pre-exponential component, A, of
the dehydration process. The Vyazovkin non-linear isoconversional
method was used in parallel to the linear
method for comparison. In the gamma and electron-beamirradiated
material, the dehydration proceeded by one
thermal step. A synergistic combination of both nucleation
sites and electron beam enhances the dehydration process,
as indicated by a decrease in the values of Ea by increasing
the degree of conversion, which results in a lower value of
Ea (113.681 kJ/mol) compared to gamma-irradiated material,
which shows retardation of the decomposition and rising
value of Ea (120.601 kJ/mol) of the dehydration. The Ozawa’s
generalized time and Málek equations were employed to
determine the mechanism models (R2) and (F1) for gamma
and electron-beam-irradiated materials, respectively. The
kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were compared
with those for un-irradiated material.