Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women, and plasma-activated water (PAW) is emerging as a potential therapeutic approach. While early results are encouraging, additional research is necessary to assess its long-term effects and identify the most effective methods of application. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of PAW on an MCF7 breast cancer mouse model. Methods A total of eighteen BALB/c mice were divided into three groups (n=6/group): one negative control group and two tumor groups injected with MCF7 cells. After 91 days of MCF7 injection, the tumor groups received either distilled water (DW) or PAW (for 3 min) twice weekly via oral gavage for 28 days. Results The results revealed that the conductivity, H2O2, and NO2- values were significantly higher for PAW than for DW, while pH was lower (P<0.001). Hematological analysis showed an increase in neutrophil counts, neutrophil %, eosinophil %, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in MCF7 and PAW groups. Conversely, there were reductions in red blood cells (RBC), platelets (PLT), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT) percentages, while mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased. Both the control and PAW groups had higher total antioxidants and levels of α-L-fucosidase, while MCF7 had elevated arginase levels. The CD44⁺/CD24⁻ and CD44⁺/CD24⁺ cell populations were highest in the MCF7 group and reduced in the PAW group. The percentage of parent cells in late apoptosis was significantly higher in the PAW group than in the MCF7 and DW groups. Histopathology analysis revealed carcinoma features in the MCF7 group, while PAW reduced these effects. Immunostaining showed increased ER-α and Caspase-3 expression in the MCF7 group, with PAW moderating expression levels. Conclusions Overall, these findings suggest that PAW may offer promising therapeutic applications in managing oxidative stress and hindering cancer cell progression.

Plasma-activated water (PAW) is a new technology applied in biomedical research, agriculture, and the food industry. However, its safety and long-term efects require further investigation. Therefore, the current study was designed to evaluate the impact of PAW oral gavage on body weight, food intake, behavior (tail suspension test and open feld test), internal organs relative weight, blood biochemical indicators, intestinal microbiota and liver and kidney histopathology in 10-week-old female mice (n=30). Mice were divided into three groups each containing 10 mice received orally (gastric lavage) either distilled water (DW), or DW exposed to cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) for 3 min (PAW-3), or 15 min (PAW15) a dose of 200 μl/mice (3 times/week) for 4 weeks. Compared with the DW, the results showed that both PAW-3 and PAW-15 signifcantly increased urea concentration (P=0.044). The PAW-3 group showed a signifcantly higher neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio (P=0.043), and higher lactobacilli count (P=0.002). However, PAW-15 showed signifcantly higher alkaline phosphatase levels (P=0.039), and a signifcantly lower coliform count (P<0.001). No signifcant diferences (P>0.05) in body weight, food intake, organ relative weights, behavior tests, or major biochemical parameters were observed. Liver and kidney tissues in PAW-treated groups, particularly PAW-15, exhibited severe pathological changes, including hepatocellular necrosis, glomerular atrophy, interstitial infammation, and tubular degeneration, indicating substantial organ damage associated with PAW exposure. In conclusion, PAW’s impact on biochemical markers, microbiota, and organ health raises safety concerns, warranting further long-term studies

Abstract

Introduction: Glyphosate-Based Herbicide (GBHs) are widely used worldwide,
this study investigated the ameliorative effect of Aloe Vera against GBHs hepatic
toxicity in rats via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant Actions, with a focus on
DNA damage and apoptosis.
Methods: Twenty-four Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly classified into four
groups: Group I, represented as a control. In group II, rats were administered
500 mg/kg of Roundup herbicide as one of GBHs. In Group III, rats were
administered 200 mg/kg of Aloe Vera, and finally, in Group IV, rats were coadministered with 500 mg/kg of Roundup and 200 mg/kg of Aloe Vera, orally,
three times a week for 6 weeks.
Results and Discussion: Rats exposed to GBH showed significant oxidative
stress, evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease the reduced
glutathione (GSH) levels, alongside increased the inflammatory markers (TNF-
α and IL-1β). Liver function enzymes (ALT, AST, LDH) were markedly elevated,
and comet assay results revealed substantial DNA fragmentation in hepatocytes.
Histopathological findings and immunohistochemical overexpression of
caspase-3 confirmed the liver pathological lesions and apoptosis, respectively.
Co-administration of Aloe Vera with GBH significantly alleviated the biochemical,
histopathological, and apoptotic alterations, but it did not fully reverse the DNA
damage. These findings suggest that Aloe Vera may offer partial hepatoprotection
against GBH toxicity through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. 

To determine the potential toxic effects of aflatoxins (AFs), the ameliorative role of zinc oxide nanoparticles and activated charcoal against aflatoxicosis, and finally, the effective role of the recovery period against aflatoxins toxic effects and their residues. A total of 70 one-day-old Moulard ducklings were obtained and classified into seven groups, comprising 10 ducklings per group. The control group (G1) ducklings were fed on a basal diet free from AFs. Group 2 (G2) ducklings received a naturally AFs-contaminated feed with 50 ppb total AFs. Group 3 (G3) ducklings consumed 50 ppb AFs-contaminated feed and 10 mg/kg/feed zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). Group 4 (G4) ducklings consumed 50 ppb AFs-contaminated feed and 1.5% of the ration activated charcoal. Group 5 (G5) ducklings consumed 50 ppb AFs-contaminated feed with ZnONPs and an activated charcoal combination. Group 6 (G6) ducklings …

Toxic methyl alcohol is widely employed in industry, and it is highly toxic. Only 15 cc ingestion can result in irreversible blindness. The mechanism of toxicity is still a matter of debate. This study was conducted to investigate the incorporation of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and Nrf2 signaling pathways in the toxicity of the brain, eye, and pancreas following ingestion of methyl alcohol and the possible protective role of PPAR-γ modulators. Twenty-four adult Wister albino rats were divided into four groups of six rats each: a control group, a pioglitazone group, a methanol group, and a combined pioglitazone and methanol group. Oxidative stress markers, random blood sugar, insulin, and pancreatic function measurements were evaluated. Western blot analysis for PPAR-γ and Nrf2 protein expressions was performed. Histopathological examination was performed for eye …

A simple, one-pot method was designed for preparing nanocomposite material and its potential applications for water remediation. X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform infrared, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetry, and N₂ adsorption and desorption isotherm techniques were used to examine the chemical and physical characteristics of the prepared nanomaterials. The developed nano-sized sorbent has a good surface area of about 106.788 m² g⁻¹. The synthesized nanocomposite was employed as a sorbent to remove several heavy metals, such as Cd(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Pb(II), Mn(II), and Cr(VI), and different pesticides (e.g., Diazinon, Parathion Methyl, Malathion, Parathion ethyl, Epoxide, DDE, Dieldrin, and Aldrin). The removal efficiencies were found to be in the range of 9.52–94.8%, 23.14–99.40%, and 8.91–85.50% for pesticides, heavy metals, and physical contaminants, respectively. In addition, the sorption capacities of the different metals ranged from 2.31 to 9.94 mg g⁻¹, and from 2.67 to 28.00 mg g⁻¹ for different pesticides. While it was 31.49–306.63 mg g⁻¹ for physical contaminants.

Lead (Pb²⁺) poisoning in water is now a more serious environmental concern than any other, due to its potential toxicity and accumulation in the human body. The Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) effectively removed organic and inorganic pollutants from aqueous solution. This study comprehensively investigates the adsorption properties of PBNPs for Pb²⁺ removal, optimizing experimental conditions through various analytical techniques. Key validation parameters—linearity, precision, accuracy, the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), and the method detection limit (MDL)—were assessed. We investigate a comprehensive study focused on the adsorption properties of Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) for Pb²⁺ removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorption process was most effective at pH 7.5, achieving an adsorption capacity of 190 mg g⁻¹. Kinetic analysis revealed that the adsorption follows a pseudo-second-order model with a chemisorption mechanism, while isothermal studies confirmed monolayer adsorption consistent with the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the process is spontaneous and endothermic. The Pb²⁺ concentration was precisely measured using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), with strong linearity (R² = 0.997), LOQ = 0.179 mg L⁻¹, and LOD = 0.056 mg L⁻¹ for FAAS. These findings show that the PBNPs have a significant potential for effective Pb²⁺ removal and are reusable, making them suitable for eco-friendly remediation applications. Validation parameters confirmed that trace Pb²⁺ levels in environmental samples were accurately and precisely detected. The study emphasizes the high absorption capacity of PBNPs for lead, which was evaluated using different experimental approaches and methodologies.