Flash floods are among the most dangerous natural hazards, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, where their sudden onset can lead to devastating impacts. This study presents an integrated assessment of flash flood hazards and risks in the Wadi Feiran Basin, a hyper-arid region in Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula that experiences recurring flood events. Surface runoff was estimated using the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method, incorporating spatial datasets on hydrology, topography, and land use. A comprehensive risk assessment was then carried out by integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) within a Geographic Information System (GIS) framework to generate three key models: a Flood Hazard Index (FHI), a Vulnerability Index (VI), and a combined Flood Risk Index (FRI). Results show that approximately 14.5% of the basin falls in the high flood hazard zone, and nearly 30% is classified as very highly vulnerable. The FRI model highlights that 14.5% of the area is at very high risk, while 23.5% is at high risk. Critically exposed zones include urban settlements in Feiran city, northeastern Saint Catherine, and main roads connecting to Dahab and Abu Zenima. The region's cultural and touristic significance further amplifies the consequences of such hazards. This study offers essential spatial tools and decision-support data for policymakers, urban planners, and disaster risk managers to prioritize mitigation, strengthen infrastructure resilience, and guide sustainable development in Wadi Feiran and similar arid, flood-prone regions.

High-voltage (HV) terminations are commonly used in HV connections, such as cable-to-transformer connections, to limit local electric field intensifications that may result in electrical breakdown. The termination contains a conductor and multiple dielectric layers with an embedded semiconductive (SC) layer, which is essential for reliable insulation design and breakdown prevention. The traditional charge simulation method (CSM) for electric field calculation is limited to two pure dielectric media. The present paper is aimed at proposing a new formulation of the traditional CSM for calculation of the electric field in HV terminations with more than two dielectric layers, including an SC layer. The conductor, dielectric interfaces, and surrounding air are modeled using sets of fictitious ring charges. By considering the governing pertinent boundary conditions, namely the Dirichlet condition on the conductor surface, and the continuity of both the electric potential and the normal electric flux density at the dielectric interfaces, the simulation charges are evaluated, and hence the electric field. To account for the presence of SC layers with relatively high conductivity, a hybrid numerical approach combining the CSM and the finite difference method (FDM) is developed, where the SC region is solved using FDM and coupled to the CSM domain through the continuity conditions of potential and normal flux density. The proposed formulation is validated through comparison with COMSOL Multiphysics simulations. The results demonstrate excellent agreement in the potential and electric field distributions across all dielectric layers, including in regions near to the interfaces and sheds. The newly-formulated CSM with hybrid CSM–FDM provides an efficient and accurate tool for electric field calculation in complex plasma reactors and HV cable terminations, accommodating multi-dielectric layers, including SC ones 
 

Introduction:

Blood parasitism is a significant clinical disease that silently undermines the livestock industry, particularly affecting camels. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in Arabian camels (Camelus dromedarius) and its impact on infertility by examining serum protein fractions, lipids, reproductive indices, and the expression of heat shock protein (HSP70) during breeding season.

Methods:

A total of 107 male post-pubertal camels, aged between 5 and 10 years, were collected randomly from slaughtering house in Assiut Governorate, Egypt.

Results:

Microscopic and serological examinations revealed that 23.4% (25/107) of the camels were infected with T. evansi. Infected camels exhibited a highly significant increase in total serum protein. The assessment of dyslipidemia, measure as binary variables for lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL), indicated a nonsignificant increase in risk of dyslipidemia in infected camels compared to healthy camels. Proteomic analysis identified four major protein fractions in the infected camels compared to healthy camels with molecular weights of 181.72, 87.59, 30.5, and 19.5 kDa using SDS electrophoresis. Testicular tissue of the infected camels showed degeneration and necrotic changes in seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue, along with edema and congestion. There was a significant reduction in the diameter of seminiferous tubules and germinal epithelium height. A marked reduction in testosterone levels and a high expression of HSP70 in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells were observed.

The morphology and host-parasite data of Schistorchis carneus Lühe, 1906 indicate low host specificity and geographical range variation, accompanied by a large scale of intraspecific variability and ambiguous molecular phylogeny, confusing in determining biodiversity extent and specificity to a particular host and/or locality. To address the challenging circumstances of records of S. carneus, a detailed morphological description, molecular characterization and species delimitation analyses were conducted using a combination of comparative morphology, molecular phylogeny, multivariate analyses, and hostparasite data. Several morphological features exhibited an extensive intra-variation, as well as a wide morphometric range in many measurements within and across records. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the classification of schistorchiines is highly correlated with the morphology/nature of the oral sucker and highlighted the limitations of ribosomal 28S rDNA and ITS2 rDNA in distinguishing morphologically close/related taxa. Species delimitation analyses reflected the critical importance of host distinction in schistorchiines recognition/differentiation, even those that are indistinct morphologically. The clustering of schistorchiines into certain groups was driven by host differences. Additionally, host variation typically corresponds to a distinct schistorchiine species, even if it is morphologically identical to another. Cluster analysis associated with host-parasite data revealed high morphometric convergence and significant diversity among Egyptian and Sri-Lankan records of S. carneus. It also confirmed the distinction between Indian records from the Bay of Bengal and those from the Gulf of Mannar (previously mentioned as Manaar), each in their own distant group. In conclusion, the records of S. carneus represent a repository for a group of closely related cryptic species. The restricted concept of S. carneus should include only records from the white-spotted puffer, Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus) and the stellate puffer, Arothron stellatus (Anonymous). The Australian specimens from the narrow-lined puffer, Arothron manilensis (Marion de Procé) and the Indian record from the lunartail puffer, Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch & Schneider) likely represent a free-standing cryptic species with limited distribution, requiring further characterization. 

This study investigates mastitis in the dairy industry, with a focus on the issue of antibiotic resistance. This study was designed to evaluate mastitis prevalence and investigate the bacteriological profiles of subclinical mastitis (SCM) milk, mastitis-free milk, and market milk. Out of 374 quarter milk samples, 26.2 % were from animals with SCM. Bacteriological examination identified 87 Gram-negative bacterial strains from subclinical mastitis milk (SCMM) (42.9 %), subclinical mastitis-free milk (SCMFM) (17.97 %), and market milk (MM) (58 %). MALDI-TOF MS identified species including E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, and Acinetobacter baumannii, with E. coli being the most frequent. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotype was found in 43.7 % of isolates, with 57.1 % from SCMM, 43.8 % from SCMFM, and 24.1 % from MM. Biofilm production was observed in 44.8 % of isolates, with a significant correlation between MDR and biofilm formation. Eight strains (9.2 %) were extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producers, with blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes detected. A. baumannii harbored multiple resistance genes, including blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaOXA51, blaOXA23, and blaNDM, showing both phenotypic and genotypic ESBLs and carbapenemase activity. The presence of MDR, ESBLs, and carbapenemase producing Gram-negative bacteria in SCMM, SCMFM, and MM indicates a concerning exchange of bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes between human and animal hosts, posing risks of milk contamination and environmental hazards. A one-health approach is essential for controlling antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, emphasizing prudent antimicrobial use in human and animal healthcare, and improving farm hygiene practices. 

Introduction: Fascioliasis, a significant global zoonotic disease caused by trematode parasites of the genus Fasciola, affects various livestock species. Aim: This study aimed to identify demographic, epidemiological, clinical manifestations, pathological, and genetic characteristics in New Valley, Egypt’s human, and cattle populations.

Methods: This study is made of two parts, the first part is a cohort study of 1000 cattle slaughtered at three abattoirs in El Kharja, El Dakhilah, and El Farafra from February 2023 to January 2024. A retrospective analysis of patients visiting El Kharja hospital with clinical symptoms and confirmed with coprological and radiological examinations.

Results: The study revealed a high prevalence in cattle (23%) and humans (3.6%). Enrolled human fascioliasis was diagnosed in 58.3% and 41.7% by coprological and radiological analysis, respectively. A 66.7% of enrolled cases were females, with a median age range of 37 ± 13 years old. Treatment outcomes demonstrated a response of 25%, 50%, and 25% to single, two, and three doses of the treatment, respectively. In cattle, infection rate was 20.0% in females compared to 24.9% in males with low prevalence in animals <1 year (12.7%) and high in animals >3 years (30.4%). Autumn had the highest prevalence (28.7%), whereas summer had the lowest prevalence (18.0%). A significant difference in the prevalence of fasciolasis was observed between human and animals. Morphological and histopathological analysis elucidated acute and chronic manifestations of hepatic fascioliasis with ectopic migration to cattle lung tissue. Genetic characterization of ectopic worm confirmed Fasciola hepatica infection, with genetic similarity to human isolates from Iran.

Discussion: The study highlights the importance of one health approach in understanding and managing fascioliasis. 

Toxoplasma gondii infection remains a significant global health concern, promoting the urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) and curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-CSNPs) against the chronic Toxoplasma gondii (ME49 strain) in an experimental mouse model. This achieved by investigating their ability to reduce parasitic load, oxidative stress, histopathological lesion, and to enhance the host immune response. Sixty female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: infected untreated group, Spiramycin®-treated group, CSNPs-treated group, Cur-CSNPs-treated group, and negative control group. The Cur-CSNPs-treated group exhibited the lowest brain cyst counts, along with significant reductions in cyst size. Hematological indices revealed no significant reduction in total white blood cell (WBC) counts or in the percentage of neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils in both the CSNPs and Cur-CSNPs treated groups, compared to the infected untreated group and Spiramycin-treated group. However, both nanoparticle-treated groups exhibited a significant decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes compared to the infected untreated group. Significant differences in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed, with the Cur-CSNPs treated group displaying values comparable to the negative control. Histopathological examination revealed substantial improvements in the brain, liver, and spleen tissues of Cur-CSNPstreated animals, characterized by preserved tissue architecture and reduced inflammatory lesions. Immunohistochemical analysis further revealed reduced expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, indicating a mitigated inflammatory response. These findings highlight the promising therapeutic role of CurCSNPs in controlling chronic T. gondii infection and suggest their potential as a novel strategy for developing effective antiparasitic treatments. 

Cutaneous amoebiasis is a severe opportunistic infection, particularly prevalent among immunocompromised individuals, with high mortality due to the insidiousness of the disease, its ability to evade early diagnosis, and lack of specific symptoms. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the marine alga, Padina pavonica, extract as a topical treatment for Acanthamoeba polyphaga skin infections. Immunocompromised mice with induced cutaneous lesions were topical infected with A. polyphaga and examined 3, 9, and 15 days post infection through histological and molecular analysis. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry of the P. pavonica extract exhibited 20 bioactive compounds belongs to steroids, fatty acids, carotenoid, and flavonoids. Infected animals exhibited ulceronecrotic, cellulitis, and intramuscular abscess involving the hind limbs. Moreover, dense inflammatory infiltrates, necrosis, and infiltration of Acanthamoeba trophozoites in dermal areas, sebaceous glands, around blood vessels, mixed with inflammatory cell infiltrate, and muscles were observed. Treatment with P. pavonica significantly accelerate wound healing, reduce inflammation, and restores normal skin architecture. Notably, P. pavonica extract enhances collagen deposition and modulated the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and cytokeratin 18 as key biomarkers of skin injury. These findings highlight, for the first time, the promising role of P. pavonica in managing wound healing and cutaneous acanthamoebiasis.