A novel ZrO2-acriflavine nanocomposite thin film [ZrO2+ACF]C complex as a powder form was synthesized and prepared as a thin film using the Sol-Gel spin coating tool. Various methods of characterization have been utilized, such as FTIR, UV–Vis, SEM and optical properties. Optimization by DMol3 and
CASTEP was implemented utilizing DFT. The chemical structure for [ZrO2+ACF]C as nanocomposite family
drugs was confirmed by its spectroscopic and structural properties. The average crystallite size [ZrO2+
ACF]C is 59.76 nm. Furthermore. The optical energy band gap calculated by Tauc’s equation is 2.291 eV
and 2.117 eV for [ACF]TF and [ZrO2+ACF]C films, respectively. Whereas the calculated by DFT (DMol3) are
2.213 eV and 1.633 eV for [ACF]TF and [ZrO2+ACF]C, respectively. In addition, the optoelectrical parameters have been computed for [ACF]TF and [ZrO2+ACF]C films. The simulated values obtained by CASTEP in
DFT for the optical parameters of [ZrO2+ACF]C are in good agreement with the experimental values. The
[ZrO2+ACF]C presents a good candidate for optoelectronics and solar cell applications.
 

Dimethylamino-2H-5-dihydropyrane-6-methyl-4-one (DADHP) is a novel antibacterial pyrones derivatives and
potential pharmaceutical that was quantitatively synthesized by oxidizing azithromycin (AZ) antibiotic with
potassium permanganate in an alkaline medium (pH > 12). The oxidation reaction was kinetically studied using
spectrophotometric technique at ionic strength equal to 0.02 mol dm- 3. The redox reaction was discovered to
have two separate stages that could be measured. The first stage was relatively fast and corresponding to the
formation of coordination intermediate complexes involving blue hypomanganate (V) and/or green manganate
(VI) transient species. Variable parameters like as the concentration of permanganate ion and AZ substrate, as
well as pH and ionic strength, have been studied to see how they affect oxidation rates. The experimental results
showed a first-order dependency in [MnO4-] and fractional first-order kinetics in each of [AZ] and alkali concentration under pseudo-first-order reaction conditions of [AZ] ≫ 10 [MnO4-]. The oxidation process was basecatalyzed, and the oxidation rates increased as the alkali concentration increased. The product was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, condensation tests with 2,4-dinitrophenyl haydrazine and hydroxyl amine, and GC-Mass. The oxidation product obtained can be employed as interesting class of organic compounds with diverse chemical and pharmacological applications.
 

Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles were formed using the chemical precipitation method. The efect of the calcination process
on the structural parameters, optical bandgap, and photocatalytic performance was investigated. The structural characteristics
were carried out using X-ray difraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron
microscope (SEM). The XRD analysis reveals that the formed NiO crystallized in an fcc crystal structure and the calcination
process infuences the crystallite size, microstrain, dislocation density, and average surface area. For example, the smallest and
largest particle sizes (19.13 nm and 27.63 nm) were achieved for the samples prepared at 800 °C for 4 h and 900 °C for 2 h,
respectively. Based on the difuse refectance spectroscopy analysis, the energy bandgap has the lowest values (3.33 eV) for

the prepared NiO that calcinated at 800 °C for 2 h compared with other samples. The formation of a Ni–O stretching vibra-
tion mode is revealed by FTIR, and the broadness of the absorption band confrms that the NiO samples are nanocrystals.

The morphology of the prepared NiO reveals the formation of spherical nanoparticles for NiO calcinated at 700 °C, while
dodecahedron-like shapes were observed for NiO calcinated at 800 and 900 °C. The photocatalytic performance of NiO
nanoparticles as catalysts for the degradation of indigo carmine dye was investigated under ultraviolet–visible irradiation
up to 3 h. The best degradation efciency was found to be 76% for NiO calcinated at 800 °C for 4 h, which belonged to the
smallest crystallite size of 19.13 nm, and the highest surface area of 47.02 m2 g−1. The superior and excellent performance
of this sample compared to other samples was confrmed by achieving the highest reaction rate constant (4.51× 10−3 min−1).
The proposed photodegradation mechanism shows the importance of increasing the time required for the recombination
process between the positive holes and the excited electrons, which is the best possible when using the optimum photocatalyst
sample that was prepared at 800 °C for 4 h.