The numerical contribution of the natural heat flow of dusty hybrid nanofluid due to a square cavity filled with a porous medium with the effects of internal heat generation and the magnetic field is presented in this paper. The system of the problem equations is divided into hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3–Cu) phase equations and dusty phase equations, which are converted to a dimensionless form to be suitable for solving them numerically using the finite difference method. The results manifest in the streamlines, isotherms contours for both hybrid nanofluid phase and dust phase as well in local and average Nusselt numbers profiles. The numerical computations are performed and presented via graphs and tables due to the influence of governing physical parameters like ◂()▸, ◂()▸, ◂()▸, (0 ≤ Σ ≤ �/2), ◂()▸, (0.0≤�≤0.1), ◂()▸, and ◂()▸. The results indicate that increasing of fluid–particle interaction parameter for velocity leads to increment of the streamlines and isotherms of both the dust and hybrid nanofluid phases. A notable enhancement is found in the streamlines of the hybrid nanofluid phase and dust phase for high values of the Rayleigh number. The average Nusslet number ameliorates due to suspended dust particles in the hybrid nanofluid while deteriorates with increasing nanoparticle volume fraction. Furthermore, rising values of Hartmann number lead to reducing streamlines of the hybrid nanofluid and dust phases but an increase occurs with an increment of the inclined angle of the magnetic field. A notable agreement is obtained between the data of the present study and other previously published work.
To satisfy global energy demands and maintain sustainable levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases, alternative energy sources are required. H2 generation from hydrolysis of NaBH4 represents as a safe and convenient method for storing and releasing H2. The free amine groups (NH2) and the big pores in the NH2-UiO-66 metal-organic framework were exploited to encapsulate ultrasmall bimetallic Ru-Co alloy nanoclusters and monometallic Ru and Co nanoclusters with an average particle size of 1.5 nm via direct anionic exchange technique. To prove the role of the NH2 groups and the MOF’s pores in the creation of a well and uniform-dispersed ruthenium and cobalt nanoclusters, the NH2-UiO-66 was calcined at 600 °C for 3 h in the air to prepare N-doped carbonaceous ZrO2 (ZrO2N @ C) nanocomposite. Hydrazine hydrate (HH) was used as a reducing agent in the presence of microwave irradiation
To satisfy global energy demands and decrease the level of atmospheric greenhouse gases, alternative clean energy sources are required. Hydrogen is one of the most promising clean energy sources due to its high chemical energy density and near-zero greenhouse gas emissions. A single alloyed phase of Pd/Pt nanoclusters as quantum dots (QDs) was prepared and loaded over Co3O4 nanoparticles with a low loading percentage (1 wt.%) for hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of NaBH4 at room temperature. L-glutathione (SG) was used as a capping ligand. It was found that the single alloy catalyst (Pd0.5–Pt0.5)n(SG)m/Co3O4 caused a significant enhancement in hydrogen generation in comparison to the monometallic clusters (Pdn(SG)m and Ptn(SG)m). Moreover, the Pd/Pt alloy showed a positive synergistic effect compared to the physical mixture of Pd and Pt clusters (1:1) over Co3O4.
his study aims to develop an alternating polyketone containing cationic groups in one and four alternating positions for increased functionality. A novel polyarylidene ketone was synthesized using simple condensation polymerization of terephthaldehyde and 2,5-hexane dione (PAK) The physicochemical properties of the resulting polymer were evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, UV-Visible absorbance, fluorescence, and SEM investigations. The findings show that the polymer is amorphous, has good thermal stability, and emits red light. It can also be used as a dye adsorbent in aqueous solutions, with high selectivity for the cationic dye methylene blue (MB). The adsorbent efficiency of PAK was measured as a function of pH, dosage, and initial dye concentration; the greatest dye removal of 96 % was obtained at pH 10, 50 mg dosage,
Agricultural productivity faces various challenges that include a combination of (a)biotic stresses. The abiotic stresses include extreme temperature, water stress, light stress, salinity, deficiency in essential nutrients, chemical factors, air pollutants, radiation, wind, latitude, altitude, and other stressors. Damages to a magnitude of 50% of agrarian production come back from abiotic stress. Universal weather alteration and overutilizing naturalistic resources probably amplify the manifold of the inverse effect of abiotic stress. To alleviate the effects of various stressors, suggested strategies involve improved agronomic management, the upbringing of stress-tolerant cultivars, using of fertilizer, which may boost ability for acclimation to stressful medium. In this chapter, we have investigated the effect of salinity from the elevation of the Mediterranean seawater. In Egypt the rise of the Mediterranean seawater leads to the mixing of surface water with the subsoil water, which leads to the reduction of the crop productivity. Here, we introduced a mathematical model to manage the effect of salinity on sugar beet production. The model simulated the laser land leveling in the guided fields of the two Egyptian governorates, one of them located on the Mediterranean Sea, which produce sugar beet. The outcome of that mathematical model increased sugar beet revenue, profit, and rate of return in both governorates. The total sugar beet production cost, water used, and absolute risk decreased. Moreover, the liberation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and consumption of energy reduced.
The participation of salicylate (SalA), gallate (GalA), and benzoate (BenA), in various physiological and biochemical processes in the plant under conditions of boron excess (BE), is largely unknown. The relationship between phenolic acids (PhAs) and regulation of antioxidant enzymes and B forms has been studied in the alleviation of oxidative stress caused by BE within the tomato callus. Tomato calli were subjected to BE (2 mM) in the absence or presence of three levels of BenA, GalA and SalA. The results demonstrated that different levels of PhAs attenuated the oxidative stress of BE by reducing hydrogen peroxide, B accumulation, and lipoxygenase activity (LOX) activity, and the moderate level was the most effective. Phenolic acid treatments reduced the stimulatory effects of BE on catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Similarly, BenA and GalA increased the effect of BE stimulation on the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD), while SalA decreased these impacts on both enzymes. The results highlight that PhAs perform an important function in alleviating BE stress in tomato calli by regulating antioxidant enzymes and forms of B accumulation. This research supplies new viewpoints for strategies associated with BE tolerance in tomato plants and therefore can be employed as plant growth stimulators.
